Cause and Effect relationship.pdf

Cause and Effect relationship

1. FINALS: CAUSE AND
EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
EN110

2. The most important about reading is
UNDERSTANDING .
Wecanusestrategiestohelpusunderstand.
Onestrategyisidentifyingcauseandeffect.
Take a look ate the following pictures.

7. Did you have a reaction to those pictures?
Raise your hand if you said:
“Awwwww” at the puppy
“Ugh” at the blobfish
“Mmmmmmm ” at the samgyup
Or laughed at the meme
That reaction was an EFFECT
That was CAUSED by the pictures

8. ✓CauseandEffectisastrategythatcanhelpyou
understand.
✓CauseandEffectiswhenonethingmakessomething
elsehappen.
✓Causeandeffectisarelationshipbetweeneventsor
things,whereoneistheresultoftheotherorothers.
✓Causeandeffectareintertwined.Americanpoet
RalphWaldoEmersonsaid,“Causeandeffectare
twosidesofonefact.”

9. Did you have a reaction to those pictures?
Raise your hand if you said:
“Awwwww” at the puppy
“Ugh” at the blobfish
“Mmmmmmm ” at the samgyup
Or laughed at the meme
That reaction was an EFFECT
That was CAUSED by the pictures

10. ➢Nothinghappenswithoutareasonorwithout
somekindofconsequence.
➢WhenyouexplainWHYthingshappenand
WHAToccurswhentheydo,thetechniqueyou
useiscalledcauseandeffect.
CAUSE is why something happened.
EFFECT is the result of what happened.
Becauseeffectsalwayshavecausesandcauses
alwaysleadtoeffects,werarelyseeonewithoutthe
other.

11. ➢Thecauseisthefirstthingthathappens.
➢Itmakesthesecondthing(theeffect)happen.
➢Thepartofthesentenceaftertheword
becauseisthecause.
Example:
IstayedhomefromschoolbecauseIhadthe
flue.
REMEMBER:
ThecauseanswersthatquestionWHY?

12. UNDERSTANDING CAUSE AND EFFECT
RELATIONSHIP
➢Insomeparagraphs,thecause-and-effect
relationshipisnotdirectlystated.
➢Inthesecases,youhaveto“readbetween
thelines”
➢Usecluesfromtheparagraphtoidentify
causeandeffectrelationships.

13. Look for effects that are also causes:
▪Effects can form chains where one effect goes on to cause a second
effect, which may then cause a third effect and so on.
Example:
When people pollute rivers, they destroy the habitats of fish. This reduces
the number of fish that can reproduce. As a result, fewer fish are born in
fresh water, and the fish population declines.
Cause 1: People pollute rivers.
Effect 1: The habitats of fish are destroyed.
Effect 2: Fewer fish can reproduce.
Effect 3: Fewer fish are born in fresh water.
Effect 4: The fish population declines.

14. UNDERSTANDING CAUSE AND EFFECT
RELATIONSHIP
➢You use cause and effect every day when you solve
problems and make decisions.
➢As a result, understanding causes and effects is
extremely important in day-to-day living.
➢Learning to identify cause and effect relationship
helps you understand what is happening in the
world around you.

15. Clue Words for Cause
These expressions indicate cause –
✓Because…
✓Since….
✓Reason….
✓So that…
✓Unless….
✓The main reason…
Let’s see how this works –
As a result of his bad fall, Professor Green is
wearing bandages and a cast.

16. HelpfulTip:
Trythisideawhenyouarenotsure.
Whenyouansweraquestionthatbeginswithwhy,tryputting
thewordbecauseinfrontofyouranswerchoices.Thenreadthe
choicesthiswaytohelpfigureoutthecorrectanswer.
Example:
ThecrimerateinMr.Leon’sneighborhoodwasveryhighMany
houseshadbeenrobbedandcarsvandalized.Alltheneighbors
wereupset.Themayororderedthepolicetopatrolthe
neighborhood.Withintwoweeks,theneighborhood’scrimerate
droppeddrastically.Finally,everyonefeltsafeagain.

17. Whydidthecrimeratedrop?
A.Alltheneighborswereupset.
B.Housesandcarswererobbedandvandalized.
C.Themayorcalledforaddedpoliceprotection.
D.Everyoneintheneighborhoodfeltsafeagain.
Answer:C.

18. Clue Words for Effect
These expressions indicate effect –
✓As a result
✓If
✓Consequently
✓Effect
✓Therefore
✓Thus

19. Examples of Cause and Effect in Sentences
➢Causeandeffectsentencesshowaclear,directrelationshipbetweenevents.
Theyshowhowoneeventoractiontriggersanoutcome.Theymayalso
showhowaneffecthasmorethanonecause,oracausehasmorethanone
effect.
➢Causeandeffectsentencescanpresentthecausefirstandfollowitwiththe
effect,orpresenttheeffectfirstandfollowitwiththecause.

20. 1.Iatetonsofjunkfood,sonowIfeelsick.
2.IfeelsickbecauseIatetonsofjunkfood.
Thesesentenceshavethesamecauseandeffectpresentedinadifferent
order.Thesesentencessharethesamemeaningandshowthesame
relationship.
Inthenextfivesentences,determinewhichcomesfirst,thecauseorthe
effect.
1.Heliedtome,soIendedourrelationship.
2.SinceIwasupallnightwithmysickchild,I’mexhaustedthismorning.
3.Shenevergaveuponherwriting,andnowshe’spublishedabook!
4.Theycouldfinishtheracebecausetheyhadtrainedforitsodiligently.
5.Theygavetherestaurantacriticalreviewbecausetheirfoodwasburntto
acrisp.
Inthefirstthreesentences,thecausecomesfirst.Insentencesfourand
five,theeffectcomesfirst.

21. Cause and Effect Relationship Examples
Cause and effect relationships exist in just about every subject area.
History
➢Wecanseethecausesoflocal,national,orglobalevents,andthe
effectsofthoseevents.Wecanask,“WhatwerethecausesofWorld
WarII?”andthen“WhatweretheeffectsofWorldWarII?”
➢Wecanexaminewhatcausedaneconomicrecessionordepressionand
theeffectsofthatcrisisonsociety.
➢Inthesecases,aswithmanyothers,therearemultiplecausesand
multipleeffects.
Science
➢In2020,theworldwashitwithaglobalpandemic.Scientistssawthe
effectsofthediseaseonpeople’shealthandlivesandbegansearching
forthecauseofthevirus.

22. ➢Asthestorygoes,SirIsaacNewtonobservedaneffect,anapplefalling
fromatree.Thispromptedhimtoseekthecauseofthatfall—whydidthe
applefalldown,notsidewaysorup?Hisobservationofthateffectledhim
todiscoverthecause:gravity.
➢Whenconductingexperiments,scientistsperformanaction(cause)tosee
whatwillhappenasaresult(effect).
➢Mostofusprobablyhadtodoanexperimentwithplantsinschool.We
examinedwhathappenedtoourtwoplants(effects)dependingonwhether
wegaveorwithheldfromthemproperlightandwater(cause).
The Natural World
➢Nature is full of examples of cause and effect.
➢Plants grow as a result of the sun’s heat and light.
➢Bears hibernate so they can conserve energy and won’t require food during
the winter months when food is scarce.
➢The moon’s gravitational pull causes the ocean’s tides.

23. Story
➢Narrative stories, bothfictionand non-fiction, are often driven
by cause and effect.
➢In F. Scott Fitzgerald’sThe Great Gatsby, Gatsby bases all of his
action on pleasing Daisy because he is obsessed with winning
her love.
Daily Life
➢Our everyday lives are full of cause and effect experiences.
➢As a result of studying hard, you aced your test!
➢You called in sick because you woke up with a fever.
➢You meet friends for drinks because it’s your birthday.

24. Cause and Effect Words
There are words that signal a cause and effect relationship.
These words can help readers recognize the cause and effect
structure of a passage, making it easier to comprehend content.

25. Signal Words in Cause and Effect Sentences
Observe how the signal words communicate the relationship in these
cause and effect example sentences:
1.AsaresultofCOVID,manyhighschoolstudentscouldn’t
experiencegraduationceremonies.
2.Therewasamulti-caraccidentonthehighway,sotrafficwasata
standstill.
3.I’vestartedeatingamuchhealthierdiet.Consequently,I’velost
weightandhavemoreenergy.
4.Thankstomycaringfriends,Irecoveredfromadifficultsituation.
5.Sincetheweatherwasperfect,wespenttheentiredayoutdoors
6.Mypartnergothisdreamjob200milesawayfromwherewe
currentlylive.Asaresult,wehavetosellthehomeandmove.

26. 7.Hisfinancialhardshipsareduetohiscarelessspending.
8.Shecampaignedthehardest,thereforeshewonthevote.
9.Thedoctor’soptimismisthereasonforourpositiveoutlook.
10.Yoursisterisseveralyearsolderthanyou.Accordingly,shehas
moreresponsibilityandindependence.
TIP:
✓Observethesentencesthatstartwithcausesignalwords(Asaresult,Thanks
to,Since).Therearetwoclausesinthosesentencesandtheyareconnectedbya
comma.
✓Thefirstclauseisdependentmeaningthatitmustbeattachedto
anindependentclausetomakesense.Whenleftalone,dependentclausescan
becomesentencefragmentswhicharegrammaticallyincorrect.

27. Benefits of using the cause and effect diagram template
Apart from their ability to present information in an
organized way, these diagrams bring in additional benefits
such as:
✓Improving brainstorming skills
✓Boosting problem-solving abilities
✓Displaying the multiple causes of a problem at the same
time
✓Maintaining team focus on achieving common goals

28. Benefits of using the cause and effect diagram template
Apart from their ability to present information in an
organized way, these diagrams bring in additional benefits
such as:
✓Improving brainstorming skills
✓Boosting problem-solving abilities
✓Displaying the multiple causes of a problem at the same
time
✓Maintaining team focus on achieving common goals