CCNA IP version 4 subnetting-140104012952-phpapp01.ppt
KesavarapuVaralababu
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49 slides
Jul 12, 2024
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About This Presentation
CCNA IPv4 Subneting
Slide Content
1
2
Example –1
•One bit masking is Invalid, You are not getting any
networks when you convert 1 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
1
–2
=2 –2
=0 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx
HELP
Example –1
•One bit masking is Invalid, You are not getting any
networks when you convert 1 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
1
–2
=2 –2
=0 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx
HELP
3
Example –2
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
1
–2
=2 –2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet
•In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 7 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
7
–2
=128 –2
=126 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Example –2
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
1
–2
=2 –2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet
•In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 7 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
7
–2
=128 –2
=126 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
4
Example –3
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
0
–2
=0 –2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet
•In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 8 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
8
–2
=256 –2
=254 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Example –3
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
0
–2
=0 –2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet
•In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 8 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
8
–2
=256 –2
=254 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
5
Requirement of Hosts is 40 ?
Example –1
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=2
2
–2
=4 –2
=2 Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
6
–2 40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=64 –2
=62 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Requirement of Hosts is 40 ?
Example –1
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=2
2
–2
=4 –2
=2 Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
6
–2 40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=64 –2
=62 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
6
x
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11000000
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
192
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192
Subnet Range
192.168.1.64 to192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to192.168.1.191
x
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11000000
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
192
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192
Subnet Range
192.168.1.64 to192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to192.168.1.191
7
Requirement of Hosts is 2 ?
Example –2
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=2
6
–2
=64 –2
=62 Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
2
–2 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=4 –2
=2 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Requirement of Hosts is 2 ?
Example –2
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=2
6
–2
=64 –2
=62 Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
2
–2 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=4 –2
=2 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
8x
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.3
192.168.1.4 – 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12 – 192.168.1.15
252
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.3
192.168.1.4 – 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12 – 192.168.1.15
252
9
Cisco / Notation
Example –1
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
3
–2
=8 –2
=6 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/29
Extra Network Bits = 29 –24 = 5
Put n value = 5
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
5
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=32 –2
=30 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Cisco / Notation
Example –1
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
3
–2
=8 –2
=6 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/29
Extra Network Bits = 29 –24 = 5
Put n value = 5
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
5
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=32 –2
=30 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
10
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111000
x
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 – 192.168.1.31
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
248
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.248
Subnet Range
192.168.1.8 to192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 to192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to192.168.1.39
192.168.1.240 to192.168.1.247
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111000
x
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 – 192.168.1.31
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
248
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.248
Subnet Range
192.168.1.8 to192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 to192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to192.168.1.39
192.168.1.240 to192.168.1.247
11
Cisco / Notation
Example –2
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
4
–2
=16 –2
=14 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/28
Extra Network Bits = 28 –24 = 4
Put n value = 4
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
4
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=16 –2
=14 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Cisco / Notation
Example –2
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
4
–2
=16 –2
=14 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/28
Extra Network Bits = 28 –24 = 4
Put n value = 4
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
4
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=16 –2
=14 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
12x
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11110000
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 – 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.48 – 192.168.1.63
240
If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.240
Subnet Range
192.168.1.16 to192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to192.168.1.47
192.168.1.48 to192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to192.168.1.80
192.168.1.224 to192.168.1.239
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11110000
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 – 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.48 – 192.168.1.63
240
If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.240
Subnet Range
192.168.1.16 to192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to192.168.1.47
192.168.1.48 to192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to192.168.1.80
192.168.1.224 to192.168.1.239
13
Requirement of Networks is 2 ?
Example –1
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
14
–2
=16384 –2
=16382 Hosts/Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 Req. of Subnet
=2
2
–2 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=4 –2
=2 Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Requirement of Networks is 2 ?
Example –1
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
14
–2
=16384 –2
=16382 Hosts/Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 Req. of Subnet
=2
2
–2 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=4 –2
=2 Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
14
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
0
11000000.00000000
x
x
Valid Subnets
172.16.192.0 – 172.16.255.255
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
172.16.0.0 – 172.16.63.255
172.16.64.0 – 172.16.127.255
172.16.128.0 – 172.16.191.255
192.
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.192.0
Subnet Range
172.16.64.0 to172.16.127.255
172.16.128.0 to172.16.191.255
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
0
11000000.00000000
x
x
Valid Subnets
172.16.192.0 – 172.16.255.255
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
172.16.0.0 – 172.16.63.255
172.16.64.0 – 172.16.127.255
172.16.128.0 – 172.16.191.255
192.
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.192.0
Subnet Range
172.16.64.0 to172.16.127.255
172.16.128.0 to172.16.191.255
15
Requirement of Hosts is 126 ?
Example –2
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=2
9
–2
=512 –2
=510 Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
7
–2 126 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
=128 –2
=126 Hosts/Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Requirement of Hosts is 126 ?
Example –2
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=2
9
–2
=512 –2
=510 Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
7
–2 126 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
=128 –2
=126 Hosts/Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
16x
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
172.16.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.10000000
x
Valid Subnets
– 172.16.0.127
172.16.0.128 – 172.16.0.255
172.16.1.0 – 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.128 – 172.16.1.255
172.16.255.0 – 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.128 – 172.16.255.255
128
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.128
Subnet Range
172.16.0.128 to172.16.0.255
172.16.1.0 to172.16.1.127
172.16.1.128 to172.16.1.255
172.16.2.0 to172.16.2.127
172.16.255.0 to172.16.255.127
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
172.16.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.10000000
x
Valid Subnets
– 172.16.0.127
172.16.0.128 – 172.16.0.255
172.16.1.0 – 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.128 – 172.16.1.255
172.16.255.0 – 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.128 – 172.16.255.255
128
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.128
Subnet Range
172.16.0.128 to172.16.0.255
172.16.1.0 to172.16.1.127
172.16.1.128 to172.16.1.255
172.16.2.0 to172.16.2.127
172.16.255.0 to172.16.255.127
17
Cisco / Notation
Example –3
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
10
–2
=1024 –2
=1022 Hosts/Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0/22
Extra Network Bits = 22 –16 = 6
Put n value = 6
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
6
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=64 –2
=62 Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Cisco / Notation
Example –3
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
10
–2
=1024 –2
=1022 Hosts/Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0/22
Extra Network Bits = 22 –16 = 6
Put n value = 6
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
6
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=64 –2
=62 Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
18x
Example –3 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
172.16.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100.00000000
x
Valid Subnets
172.16.248.0 – 172.16.251.255
172.16.252.0 – 172.16.255.255
– 172.16.3.255
172.16.4.0 – 172.16.7.255
172.16.8.0 – 172.16.11.255
172.16.12.0 – 172.16.15.255
0252.
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.252.0
Subnet Range
172.16.4.0 to172.16.7.255
172.16.8.0 to172.16.11.255
172.16.12.0 to172.16.15.255
172.16.16.0 to172.16.19.255
172.16.248.0 to172.16.251.255
Example –3 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
172.16.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100.00000000
x
Valid Subnets
172.16.248.0 – 172.16.251.255
172.16.252.0 – 172.16.255.255
– 172.16.3.255
172.16.4.0 – 172.16.7.255
172.16.8.0 – 172.16.11.255
172.16.12.0 – 172.16.15.255
0252.
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.252.0
Subnet Range
172.16.4.0 to172.16.7.255
172.16.8.0 to172.16.11.255
172.16.12.0 to172.16.15.255
172.16.16.0 to172.16.19.255
172.16.248.0 to172.16.251.255
19
Requirement of Networks is 500 ?
Example –1
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
15
–2
=32768 –2
=32766 Hosts/Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 Req. of Subnet
=2
9
–2 500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=512 –2
=510 Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Requirement of Networks is 500 ?
Example –1
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
15
–2
=32768 –2
=32766 Hosts/Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 Req. of Subnet
=2
9
–2 500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=512 –2
=510 Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
20x
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
10.0.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.10000000.00000000
x
Valid Subnets
– 10.0.127.255
10.0.128.0 – 10.0.255.255
10.1.0.0 – 10.1.127.255
10.1.128.0 – 10.1.255.255
10.255.0.0 – 10.255.127.255
10.255.128.0 – 10.255.255.255
0128.
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.128.0
Subnet Range
10.0.128.0 to10.0.255.255
10.1.0.0 to10.1.127.255
10.1.128.0 to10.1.255.255
10.2.0.0 to10.2.127.255
10.255.0.0 to10.255.127.255
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
10.0.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.10000000.00000000
x
Valid Subnets
– 10.0.127.255
10.0.128.0 – 10.0.255.255
10.1.0.0 – 10.1.127.255
10.1.128.0 – 10.1.255.255
10.255.0.0 – 10.255.127.255
10.255.128.0 – 10.255.255.255
0128.
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.128.0
Subnet Range
10.0.128.0 to10.0.255.255
10.1.0.0 to10.1.127.255
10.1.128.0 to10.1.255.255
10.2.0.0 to10.2.127.255
10.255.0.0 to10.255.127.255
21
Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ?
Example –2
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=2
6
–2
=64 –2
=62 Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
18
–2 260000 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
=262144 –2
=262142 Hosts/Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ?
Example –2
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=2
6
–2
=64 –2
=62 Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
18
–2 260000 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
=262144 –2
=262142 Hosts/Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
22x
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
10.0.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
252.
11111100.00000000.00000000
x
Valid Subnets
– 10.3.255.255
10.4.0.0 – 10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0 – 10.11.255.255
10.12.0.0 – 10.15.255.255
10.248.0.0 – 10.251.255.255
10.252.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
00.
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.252.0.0
Subnet Range
10.4.0.0 to10.3.255.255
10.8.0.0 to10.7.255.255
10.12.0.0 to10.15.255.255
10.16.0.0 to10.19.255.255
10.248.0.0 to10.251.255.255
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
10.0.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
252.
11111100.00000000.00000000
x
Valid Subnets
– 10.3.255.255
10.4.0.0 – 10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0 – 10.11.255.255
10.12.0.0 – 10.15.255.255
10.248.0.0 – 10.251.255.255
10.252.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
00.
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.252.0.0
Subnet Range
10.4.0.0 to10.3.255.255
10.8.0.0 to10.7.255.255
10.12.0.0 to10.15.255.255
10.16.0.0 to10.19.255.255
10.248.0.0 to10.251.255.255
23
Cisco / Notation
Example –3
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
12
–2
=4096 –2
=4094 Hosts/Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0/20
Extra Network Bits = 20 –8 = 12
Put n value = 12
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
12
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=4096 –2
=4094 Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Cisco / Notation
Example –3
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
12
–2
=4096 –2
=4094 Hosts/Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0/20
Extra Network Bits = 20 –8 = 12
Put n value = 12
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2
=2
12
–2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=4096 –2
=4094 Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
24x
Example –3 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
10.0.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11110000.00000000
x
Valid Subnets
10.255.224.0 – 10.255.239.255
10.255.240.0 – 10.255.255.255
– 10.0.15.255
10.0.16.0 – 10.0.31.255
10.0.32.0 – 10.0.47.255
10.0.48.0 – 10.0.63.255
0240.
If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits
4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.240.0
Subnet Range
10.0.16.0 to10.31.255.255
10.0.32.0 to10.47.255.255
10.0.48.0 to10.63.255.255
10.0.64.0 to10.79.255.255
10.255.224.0 to10.255.239.255
Example –3 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
10.0.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11110000.00000000
x
Valid Subnets
10.255.224.0 – 10.255.239.255
10.255.240.0 – 10.255.255.255
– 10.0.15.255
10.0.16.0 – 10.0.31.255
10.0.32.0 – 10.0.47.255
10.0.48.0 – 10.0.63.255
0240.
If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits
4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.240.0
Subnet Range
10.0.16.0 to10.31.255.255
10.0.32.0 to10.47.255.255
10.0.48.0 to10.63.255.255
10.0.64.0 to10.79.255.255
10.255.224.0 to10.255.239.255
25
•Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length
Subnet Mask
•VLSMs provide the capability to include more than
one subnet mask within a major network
VLSM
•Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length
Subnet Mask
•VLSMs provide the capability to include more than
one subnet mask within a major network
VLSM
26
ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC
•ZOOM Technologies –192.168.1.0/24
–MCSE
–CISCO
–FIREWALL
–SOLARIS
–TRAINING
•Administrator’s requirement : Inter -department
communication should not be possible ?
Best Solution is :
FLSM i.e. Subnetting
Scenario
ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC
•ZOOM Technologies –192.168.1.0/24
–MCSE
–CISCO
–FIREWALL
–SOLARIS
–TRAINING
•Administrator’s requirement : Inter -department
communication should not be possible ?
Best Solution is :
FLSM i.e. Subnetting
Scenario
27
Scenario (…continued)
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
Now we are also having sub departments
Scenario (…continued)
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
Now we are also having sub departments
28
•Administrator does not want inter -department
communication in the sub departments ?
Answer : You will use the subnet range to further
divide it into smaller ranges, this time its
Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM.
Scenario (…continued)
•Administrator does not want inter -department
communication in the sub departments ?
Answer : You will use the subnet range to further
divide it into smaller ranges, this time its
Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM.
Scenario (…continued)
29
Calculation of FLSM
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
5
–2
=32 –2
=30 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 Req. of Subnet
=2
3
–2 5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=8 –2
=6 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Calculation of FLSM
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
5
–2
=32 –2
=30 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
–2 Req. of Subnet
=2
3
–2 5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
=8 –2
=6 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
30x
FLSM (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11100000
192.168.1.32
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.96
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.160
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.224
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.223
192.168.1.255
x
Valid Subnets
224
If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.224
Subnet Range
192.168.1.32 to192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.64 to192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96 to192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.160 to192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192 to192.168.1.223
FLSM (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11100000
192.168.1.32
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.96
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.160
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.224
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.223
192.168.1.255
x
Valid Subnets
224
If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.224
Subnet Range
192.168.1.32 to192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.64 to192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96 to192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.160 to192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192 to192.168.1.223
31
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
Assigning of the Ranges
192.168.1.32 –1.63/27
192.168.1.64 –1.95/27
192.168.1.96 –1.127/27
192.168.1.128 –1.159/27
192.168.1.160 –1.191/27
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
Assigning of the Ranges
192.168.1.32 –1.63/27
192.168.1.64 –1.95/27
192.168.1.96 –1.127/27
192.168.1.128 –1.159/27
192.168.1.160 –1.191/27
32
Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept.
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
4
–2
=16 –2
=14 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.64
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
Req. of Subnet
=2
1
2
=2
=2 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept.
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
4
–2
=16 –2
=14 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.64
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
Req. of Subnet
=2
1
2
=2
=2 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
33
VLSM (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.64
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11110000
Valid Subnets
240
– 192.168.1.79
192.168.1.80 – 192.168.1.95
If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit
2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.240
Subnet Range
192.168.1.64 to192.168.1.79
192.168.1.80 to192.168.1.95
VLSM (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.64
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11110000
Valid Subnets
240
– 192.168.1.79
192.168.1.80 – 192.168.1.95
If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit
2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.240
Subnet Range
192.168.1.64 to192.168.1.79
192.168.1.80 to192.168.1.95
34
Assigning of the Ranges
192.168.1.64 –1.79/28
192.168.1.80 –1.95/28
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
192.168.1.32 –1.63/27
192.168.1.96 –1.127/27
192.168.1.128 –1.159/27
192.168.1.160 –1.191/27
192.168.1.64 –1.95/27
Assigning of the Ranges
192.168.1.64 –1.79/28
192.168.1.80 –1.95/28
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
192.168.1.32 –1.63/27
192.168.1.96 –1.127/27
192.168.1.128 –1.159/27
192.168.1.160 –1.191/27
192.168.1.64 –1.95/27
35
Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept.
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
2
–2
=4 –2
=2 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.96
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
Req. of Subnet
=2
3
5
=8
=8 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept.
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
2
–2
=4 –2
=2 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.96
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
Req. of Subnet
=2
3
5
=8
=8 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
36
VLSM (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.96
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100
Valid Subnets
252
– 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.104 – 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.108 – 192.168.1.111
192.168.1.112 – 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.116 – 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.120 – 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.124 – 192.168.1.127
If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit
8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.252
Subnet Range
192.168.1.96 to192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 to192.168.1.103
192.168.1.104 to192.168.1.107
192.168.1.108 to192.168.1.111
192.168.1.112 to192.168.1.115
192.168.1.116 to192.168.1.119
192.168.1.120 to192.168.1.123
192.168.1.124 to192.168.1.127
VLSM (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.96
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100
Valid Subnets
252
– 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.104 – 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.108 – 192.168.1.111
192.168.1.112 – 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.116 – 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.120 – 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.124 – 192.168.1.127
If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit
8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.252
Subnet Range
192.168.1.96 to192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 to192.168.1.103
192.168.1.104 to192.168.1.107
192.168.1.108 to192.168.1.111
192.168.1.112 to192.168.1.115
192.168.1.116 to192.168.1.119
192.168.1.120 to192.168.1.123
192.168.1.124 to192.168.1.127
37
Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
192.168.1.32 –1.63/27
192.168.1.96 –1.127/27
192.168.1.128 –1.159/27
192.168.1.160 –1.191/27
192.168.1.64 –1.95/27
192.168.1.64 –1.79/28
192.168.1.80 –1.95/28
192.168.1.96 –1.99/30
192.168.1.100 –1.103/30
192.168.1.104 –1.107/30
192.168.1.108 –1.111/30
192.168.1.112 –1.115/30
Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
192.168.1.32 –1.63/27
192.168.1.96 –1.127/27
192.168.1.128 –1.159/27
192.168.1.160 –1.191/27
192.168.1.64 –1.95/27
192.168.1.64 –1.79/28
192.168.1.80 –1.95/28
192.168.1.96 –1.99/30
192.168.1.100 –1.103/30
192.168.1.104 –1.107/30
192.168.1.108 –1.111/30
192.168.1.112 –1.115/30
38
Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept.
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
3
–2
=8 –2
=6 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.128
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
Req. of Subnet
=2
2
3
=4
=4 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept.
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
=2
3
–2
=8 –2
=6 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.128
•No. of Subnet
=2
n
Req. of Subnet
=2
2
3
=4
=4 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
39
VLSM (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.128
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111000
Valid Subnets
248
– 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.136 – 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.144 – 192.168.1.151
192.168.1.152 – 192.168.1.159
If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit
4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.248
Subnet Range
192.168.1.128 to192.168.1.135
192.168.1.136 to192.168.1.143
192.168.1.144 to192.168.1.151
192.168.1.152 to192.168.1.159
VLSM (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.128
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111000
Valid Subnets
248
– 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.136 – 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.144 – 192.168.1.151
192.168.1.152 – 192.168.1.159
If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit
4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
255.255.255.248
Subnet Range
192.168.1.128 to192.168.1.135
192.168.1.136 to192.168.1.143
192.168.1.144 to192.168.1.151
192.168.1.152 to192.168.1.159
40
Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
192.168.1.32 –1.63/27
192.168.1.96 –1.127/27
192.168.1.128 –1.159/27
192.168.1.160 –1.191/27
192.168.1.64 –1.95/27
192.168.1.64 –1.79/28
192.168.1.80 –1.95/28
192.168.1.96 –1.99/30
192.168.1.100 –1.103/30
192.168.1.104 –1.107/30
192.168.1.108 –1.111/30
192.168.1.112 –1.115/30
192.168.1.128 –1.135/29
192.168.1.136 –1.143/29
192.168.1.144 –1.151/29
Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
–MCSE
–CISCO
–Ccna
–Ccnp
–FIREWALL
–ISA
–Checkpoint
–Net SQ
–Clavister
–Cisco PIX
–SOLARIS
–Linux
–Unix
–Solaris
–TRAINING
192.168.1.32 –1.63/27
192.168.1.96 –1.127/27
192.168.1.128 –1.159/27
192.168.1.160 –1.191/27
192.168.1.64 –1.95/27
192.168.1.64 –1.79/28
192.168.1.80 –1.95/28
192.168.1.96 –1.99/30
192.168.1.100 –1.103/30
192.168.1.104 –1.107/30
192.168.1.108 –1.111/30
192.168.1.112 –1.115/30
192.168.1.128 –1.135/29
192.168.1.136 –1.143/29
192.168.1.144 –1.151/29
41
VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24
1.64/28
1.79/28
1.96/30
1.100/30
1.104/30
1.108/30
1.112/30
1.32/27
1.64/27
1.96/27
1.128/27
1.160/27
1.128/29
1.136/29
1.144/29
VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24
1.64/28
1.79/28
1.96/30
1.100/30
1.104/30
1.108/30
1.112/30
1.32/27
1.64/27
1.96/27
1.128/27
1.160/27
1.128/29
1.136/29
1.144/29
42
•It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting
•Combining of Multiple Networks to Single
Networks
•Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits
i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s
•Generally design for Class C networks
•Easier Summarization
•It is also known as Supernetting
CIDR
Classless Inter Domain Routing
•It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting
•Combining of Multiple Networks to Single
Networks
•Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits
i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s
•Generally design for Class C networks
•Easier Summarization
•It is also known as Supernetting
CIDR
Classless Inter Domain Routing
43
VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24
1.64/28
1.79/28
1.96/30
1.100/30
1.104/30
1.108/30
1.112/30
1.32/27
1.64/27
1.96/27
1.128/27
1.160/27
1.128/29
1.136/29
1.144/29
VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24
1.64/28
1.79/28
1.96/30
1.100/30
1.104/30
1.108/30
1.112/30
1.32/27
1.64/27
1.96/27
1.128/27
1.160/27
1.128/29
1.136/29
1.144/29
44
Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ?
Example –1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
10
–2 1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast
ID)
=1024 –2
=1022 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ?
Example –1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
10
–2 1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast
ID)
=1024 –2
=1022 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
45
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100.00000000
Valid Subnets
192.168.248.0 – 192.168.251.255
192.168.252.0 – 192.168.255.255
– 192.168.3.255
192.168.4.0 – 192.168.7.255
192.168.8.0 – 192.168.11.255
192.168.12.0 – 192.168.15.255
0252.
Example –1 (Continued…)
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100.00000000
Valid Subnets
192.168.248.0 – 192.168.251.255
192.168.252.0 – 192.168.255.255
– 192.168.3.255
192.168.4.0 – 192.168.7.255
192.168.8.0 – 192.168.11.255
192.168.12.0 – 192.168.15.255
0252.
46
Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ?
Example –2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
14
–2 12000 (-2 is for Network ID &BroadcastID)
=16384 –2
=16382 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ?
Example –2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
•No. of Host
=2
h
–2 Req. of Host
=2
14
–2 12000 (-2 is for Network ID &BroadcastID)
=16384 –2
=16382 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
47
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
0
11000000.00000000
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.63.255
192.168.64.0 – 192.168.127.255
192.168.128.0 – 192.168.191.255
192.168.192.0 – 192.168.255.255
192.
Example –2 (Continued…)
•Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
0
11000000.00000000
•Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.63.255
192.168.64.0 – 192.168.127.255
192.168.128.0 – 192.168.191.255
192.168.192.0 – 192.168.255.255
192.
48
49
POWER TABLE
2
1
=2
2
2
= 4
2
3
= 8
2
4
=16
2
5
=32
2
6
=64
2
7
=128
2
8
=256
2
9
=512
2
10
= 1024
2
11
= 2048
2
12
=4096
2
13
=8192
2
14
=16384
2
15
=32768
2
16
=65536
2
17
=131072
2
18
= 262144
2
19
= 524288
2
20
=1048576
2
21
=2097152
2
22
=4194304
2
23
=8388608
2
24
=16777216
2
25
=33554432
2
26
= 67108864
2
27
= 134217728
2
28
=268435456
2
29
=536870912
2
30
=1073741824
2
31
=2147483648
2
32
=4294967296
Power table
POWER TABLE
2
1
=2
2
2
= 4
2
3
= 8
2
4
=16
2
5
=32
2
6
=64
2
7
=128
2
8
=256
2
9
=512
2
10
= 1024
2
11
= 2048
2
12
=4096
2
13
=8192
2
14
=16384
2
15
=32768
2
16
=65536
2
17
=131072
2
18
= 262144
2
19
= 524288
2
20
=1048576
2
21
=2097152
2
22
=4194304
2
23
=8388608
2
24
=16777216
2
25
=33554432
2
26
= 67108864
2
27
= 134217728
2
28
=268435456
2
29
=536870912
2
30
=1073741824
2
31
=2147483648
2
32
=4294967296
Power table
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