Cd4 t cell_differentiation

CD4 positive T cell differentiation and the function of the subtypes

1. T Helper ( Th ) Cells Differentiation

2. T Helper (Th) Cells Mature Th cells express the surface protein CD4  I mportant in the immune system particularly in the adaptive immune system . CD4 + T cells

3. Orchestrate full panoply of immune responses Help B cells make antibodies Induce macrophages to develop enhanced microbicidal activity Recruit neutrophils, eosinophils , and basophils to sites of infection and inflammation Product cytokines and chemokines CD4 + T cells

4. Naïve CD4 + T cells activation Thymus Naïve CD4 + T cells APC Activated CD4 + T cells

5. CD4 + T cells differentiation IL-6, IL-21, CXCL13 IL-2, IL-4, IL-25, IL-31, Il-33 IL-2, Retinoic Acid, TGF- β IL-1, IL-6, IL-21 IL-23, TGF- β IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, IL-27, RANKL IL-4, TGF- β Tfh Th2 Treg Th17 Th1 Th9 Activated CD4 + T cells

6. Th1 cells function GM-CSF Cell mediated inflammation and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions IFN- γ TNF Lymphotoxin IFN- γ Increase the expression of TLR by innate immune cells Promote I g G class switching Increase MHC-I and MHC-II antigen presentation Induce chemokine secretion, macrophage activation and increased phagocytosis Autoimmune diseases IL-2

7. Th2 cells function Host defense against parasites, allergies and atopic illnesses   IL-4 Important survival factor for lymphocytes Anti-inflammatory response in autoimmune diseases IL-31 IL-4 IL-5 IL-6 IL-10 IL-13 IL-5 Stimulate antibody production Enhances eosinophils maturation IL-13 Inhibit inflammation and Th1-mediated pathology B cell co-stimulator

8. T17 cells function Host defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi infections CCL20 IL-17 IL-21 IL-22 IL-24 IL-26 TNF IL-17 : promote pathology and enhance inflammation and tissue damage

9. Th9 cells function TGF-β Immunity to extracellular parasites IL-9 IL-10 CCL17 CCL22 IL-9: Promote survival and enhance suppressive function of T regs Recruit and accumulate mast cells in certain autoimmune diseases TGF-β Th2 Th9

10. Follicular helper T ( Tfh ) cells function T-cell help for B cells IL-21 IFN-γ IL-4 IL-17A IL-17F CXCR5 CXCR5 CXCR5 Help to B cells for the generation of germinal centers and long-term protective humoral responses

11. Tregs function Regulation of immune responses and immune tolerance Natural Tregs ( nTregs ) I nduced Tregs ( iTregs ) S uppress or downregulate induction and proliferation of effector T cells TGF- β IL-10 IL-35

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