Cell and micro organisms

It gives info about all the thing need to learn about cell and micro oragnism

1. Science: 11.cell structure And micro-organism.

2. Contents Questionnaire . Cell. History of cells. Measurement & observation of cells. Cell size . Plant cell & Animal cell . Micro-organisms . Occurrence of micro-organisms . Nature of micro organisms. Types of cells Pathogens.

3. ◆ Questionnaire What is the name of minute components of which our body is made up of ? ~All the living organism are made by minute components which are called cells ○What gives a proper shape and size to our body and we can’t see them? ~CELL.

4. Cells Cells are the fundamental structure of the living organisms. Cells are also known as building blocks of the life. They provide a structure to our body and give us a shape. They take in the nutrients and convert those nutrients into energy and carry out several functions. Cells contain DNA. Whatever biological changes we have in body ,cells are responsible for it .

5. History of cells Scientist Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665. M.J.Schleiden and Theodore Schwaan formulated a theory about cellular structure which stated’All the living organisms are made up of cells and the cell is fundamental component of living organisms. Rudolph Virchow stated that all cell are formed from pre-existing cells.

6. ROBERT HOOKE M.J.Schleiden Theodore Schwaan

7. Measurement and observation of cells. Generally, Cells are too small that we can’t observe them with our naked eyes we need to see them by using compound microscope. In 1673,Anton Van leeuwenhoek Assemble various lenses to construct a microscope. He was the first to observe live bacteria and protozoan cell under the microscope. 1 cm = 100 mm,1 mm = 1000 micrometre,1 Micrometer {or Micron} =1000 nanometer (NM).

8. Parts of compound microscope Eyepiece Coarse focuse knob Fine focus knob Base Tube Objective lenses Stage Illuminator

9. Cells size. There is a great variety of Shape in cells. Basically in cells by shape is mainly to their function. For example: The cells which are Columnar in shape are specialized for absorbtion . Cell can be of various shape for example Circular,Rod,-shaped, columnar ,spiral ,oval, rectangular , spindle etc.

10. Plant cell and Animal cell There are two main types of cell animal and plant cell. This cells contain various types of membrane-bound cell organelles. Plant cells have a definite shape cause of presence of cell wall around them. Unlike animal cells plant cells contain single large vacuole.Thus this type of cells are known as eukaryotics . Example: protozoa,fungi etc. cells who’s plasma membrane-bound ,cytoplasm, nucleoid are the only components are termed as prokaryotic cells. Examples:Bacteria,Amoeba ,etc.

11. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.

12. See the above picture and the numbers wrote on the workers.

13. The above pictures define the functions of cell.Here cell is as a Factory (see the image ad number of written on them). 1-nucleus. 2-cytoplasm. 3-mitochondria. 4-ribosome. 5-chloroplast. 6-vacuoles. 7-endoplasmic reticulum. 8-cell membrane.

14. Micro-organisms The organism which can’t be seen with our naked eyes but only be observed under a microscope are called microorganism.

15. Occurrnce of micro-organisms Microorganisms present in the earth ,water soil , garbage as well in the bodies of plants and animals including humans. Some microorganism solitary that is they are unicellular,e.g.amoeba,paramoecium,On the other hand some live in colonies,that is they live in groups.Some microorganism live on the remains of dead plants and animals.

16. Nature of micro-organisms. Some Microorganisms Like the fungus that grows on bread or strands of algae in ponds are multi-cellular. However most microorganism such as Bacteria and Viruses are Unicellular.

17. Growth of micro-organisms. Each microorganisms need a specific environment for their growth and reproduction. Many microbes need oxygen for the growth where some microbes can grow without oxygen. Some microorganisms can server even in extreme and adverse condition like Ocean floor, ice in the polar regions hot water springs etc. During adverse condition micro-organisms form a thick covering around itself and stop their life- processes. According to shape,and life-processes,micro-organisms are classified as algae,fungi,protozao,bacteria and viruses.

18. Types of micro-organisms. Useful micro-organisms The micro organisms that help in process of some life process of living beings are termed as useful microorganism . They are also used for making Medicines,several food item etc. For e.g.Algae. Harmful micro-organisms There are a number of micro-organisms that are responsible for food spoilage,diseases and infections. Such micro-organisms are known as harmful organisms For e.g. protozao.

19. ALGAE PROTOZAO

20. Pathogens

21. Pathogens Pathogens be present in the water body contaminated with sewage and dirt from the surroundings in food left and uncovered in unhygienic condition with housefly sitting on it etc. If such contaminated food or water is consumed we may fall ill with disease of the alimentary canal like amoebiasis,typhoid,cholera,hepatitis, gastro etc Pathogens are released in the air when a person having a infection of respiratory tracts sneezes or coughs. A healthy person may get infected by such disease or pathogens on breathing in same air by common diseases like cough,cold,diphtheria, tuberculosis etc

22. THANKYOU….