Cell Basic Structural and Functional Unit of Life.pptx

cell's dfferent dscoveres on cells

1. Lesson 5.2 Cell: Basic Structural and Functional Unit of Life

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3. Explain why the cell is considered the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms (S7LT-IIe-5) . At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning competency should be met by the students.

4. Discuss the historical development of the understanding of cells. Explain why the cell is considered the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

5. Determine the basic parts and functions of a cell. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

6. Cells are the fundamental unit of life since they are the simplest entity capable of living. An amoeba can hunt and eat food.They can adapt to their surroundings, grow, develop, and reproduce. An amoeba is a single-celled living organism.

7. You are hired as one of the engineers in a project that will build a new city in the Philippines. But before you start, you must first present a layout of your plan and present it to the city mayor. Draw Me a City Cell!

8. Draw Me a City Cell! O n a whole sheet of paper, draw the city map layout, including all the establishments and the function of each establishment for the development of the city. Take turns presenting your output to the class.

9. In 1665, Robert Hooke first discovered a cell by observing very thin slices of cork under a microscope. He named the compartments “cell” from the Latin word cellula , which means small rooms. History of the Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke (1635–1703)

10. In 1838, Matthias Schleiden , stud ied a sample of plant tissue and discovered that plants are made up of cells. He showed that all the development of the vegetable tissue is because of the activity of the cell. History of the Discovery of the Cell Matthias Schleiden (1804 – 1881)

11. In 1839, Theodor Schwann concluded similarly that all animals are made up of cells. Together with Schleiden, they theorized that all living things are made up of cells. History of the Discovery of the Cell Theodor Schwann (1810 – 1882)

12. In 1855, Rudolf Virchow observed cells dividing into new cells. He theorized that cells come from existing living cells (“ Omnis cellula e cellula ”). History of the Discovery of the Cell Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902)

13. Birth of the Cell Theory Development of cell theory

14. The cell theory states the following: The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. All living things are made up of one or more cells. All living cells come from other living cells through cell division. Birth of the Cell Theory

15. Prokaryotes are types of cells that have no well-defined nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus bound by a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles. Plants and animals are examples of eukaryotes. Types of Cells

16. Why Cells Should be Small The inside volume of a cell expands as it grows larger, and so does the cell surface . Unfortunately, because volume expands faster than surface area , the amount of surface area accessible to transport materials to a unit volume of the cell decreases over time. When this happens, the cell should stop growing and divide into smaller cells with better surface area/volume ratios.

17. Why Cells Should be Small Surface Area to Volume Ratio of Cells

18. There are many kinds of cells but they all have some parts in common. These include the cell membrane , cytoplasm , organelles , and nucleus . Parts of the Cell The four main parts of a cell

19. The mitochondrion is a rod-shaped organelle that serve as the “powerhouse of the cell.” Parts of the Cell Mitochondrion, the powerhouse of the cell

20. The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that looks like a network of tiny canals extending from the nucleus. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: the rough E.R . and smooth endoplasmic reticulum . Parts of the Cell Endoplasmic reticulum

21. The Golgi apparatus functions in the packaging of proteins and lipids. It forms tiny membrane-bound spheres called vesicles for the packaging and transport of materials. Parts of the Cell Golgi apparatus

22. The c ytoskeleton is a structure that aids in the maintenance of cell shape and internal order while also providing mechanical support. It is also responsible for cell movement . Parts of the Cell

23. Vacuoles are fluid-filled cavities that function in the storage of substances. Lysosomes are small sac-like organelles that contain strong digestive enzymes. Parts of the Cell

24. Parts of the Cell Organelles of an animal cell

25. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. It is made up of organelles. It is the smallest unit that can perform life functions. Cells are small because they must maintain an optimal surface area to volume ratio that allows for efficient intake and outtake of materials. The cell has four basic parts, which include the following: The cell membrane is a thin coat of lipids that encloses the cell. It is also called the plasma membrane. It serves as the boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside environment.

26. The cytoplasm is a jelly-like material that encloses and protects the organelles. The organelles , or “little organs”, are tiny cellular structures that serve specific functions within a cell. Other important parts and components of the cell that are not bound by membranes include the centrosomes and centrioles, cytoskeleton, and cell wall. The nucleus is surrounded by a double-layered membrane called the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope . It is located close to the center of the cell, where it controls various cellular processes through the genetic material it stores and protects.

27. Organelles are membrane-bound structures that serve specific functions within the cell. Examples of organelles are the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and vacuoles. Other structures in the cell which are, by contrast, not membrane-bound include the ribosomes, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, and nucleolus.

28. The figure below shows an animal cell. Name all the parts of the animal cell.

29. Slide 6 . Amoeba proteus with many pseudopodia by SmallRex is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons . Slide 20. 3D rendering of endoplasmic reticulum by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons . Slide 21 . Golgi apparatus (borderless version)-en by Kelvinsong is licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons .

30. BBC Bitesize. “Cells, Tissues, and Organs - Levels of Organization.”. BBC, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zgcxsbk/revision/1 . BrightHub Education. “Levels of Biological Organization Lesson Plan.” February 2012. http://www.brighthubeducation.com/middle-school-science-lessons/40076-levels-of-biological-organization/ . Capco, Carmelita M. Biology. Quezon City: Phoenix, 2003. Lobo, Ingrid. “Biological Complexity and Integrative Levels of Organization.” Scitable by Nature Education. Nature Education, 2008. http://www-nature-com.webvpn.bjmu.tsg211.com/scitable/topicpage/biological-complexity-and-integrative-levels-of-organization-468 . Utah State Office of Education. “Levels of Organization.” June 2000. http://utahscience.oremjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/levelorg.htm . Vengco, Lilia, and Teresita Religioso. Integrated Science. 3rd ed. Quezon City: Phoenix, 2011.