Cell Biology lecture 1 Fall2025 - Copy.pptx

Short introduction to Cell biology

1. CELL BIOLOGY Lecture 1 FALL 2025 Lecturer : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jasmin Š utkovi ć 29 . 9 .202 5

2. Contact Information Office: A F 1.13 [email protected]

3. Syllabus Some lectures from Biology Attendance 2 quizes T erm paper and presentations Mid term exam Last semester week: review of all lectures and preparing for final exam General information

4. BOOK The world of the cell (Bertoni, Kleinsmith and Hardin), 8 th edition

5. CHAPTER 1 A Previev of the cell

6. The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live Cell structure is correlated to cellular function All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells Modified in many different ways during evolution Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

7. As originally postulated by Schwann in 1839, the cell theory had two basic principles: 1. All organisms consist of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms 3. All cells arise only from preexisting cells (20 years later).

8. Modern Cell biology Modern cell biology results from the weaving together of three different strands of biological inquiry—cytology, biochemistry, and genetics—into a single cord. As the timeline of Figure 1-2 illustrates, each of the strands has had its own historical origins, and each one makes unique and significant contributions to modern cell biology.

9. To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry Usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye Complex To study cells scientists use microscopy More in details during the term Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

10. Types of Microscopes Light microscope Brightfield Fluorescence Electron microscope

11. Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells Protists , fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

12. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Basic features of all cells: Plasma membrane Semifluid substance called cytosol Chromosomes (carry genes) Ribosomes (make proteins) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

13. Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having No nucleus DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid No membrane-bound organelles Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

14. Fig. 6-6 Fimbriae Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule Flagella Bacterial chromosome (a) A typical rod-shaped bacterium (b) A thin section through the bacterium Bacillus coagulans (TEM) 0.5 µm

15. Scientific methods helped the discovery of cell life Subcellular fractionation Centrifugation Chromatography Electrophoresis Mass spectrometry

16. The scientific method