Cell City

Organelle function

1. Cell City Ch. 8.2

2. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotic : Cells that do not have nuclei (bacteria/cyanobacteria) Typically smaller and less complex Eukaryotic : Cells that have a nucleus (plants and animal cells) Larger and more complex

3. Eukaryotes: Plants v. Animals

4. Cell Components: Cytoplasm “The inner city” the fluid in the cell which contains all the organelles . Organelles are like the “businesses” of the cell Cytoplasm fills the space from the nucleus to the cell membrane

5. Cell Components: The Nucleus “City hall” directs all the activities of the cell . Contains all the plans and blueprints in the form of DNA .

6. Cell Components: Endoplasmic Reticulum Like “highways and streets”, moves materials around the cell Extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane.

7. Cell Components: Ribosomes Like “factories” makes proteins that are transported along the E.R. Located on the E.R. or floating in the Cytoplasm

8. Cell Components: Golgi Apparatus “Post office”: Does not make anything but prepare materials for shipment outside the cell

9. Cell Components: Vacuoles “Storage”: holds materials until needed later. One large vacuole is found in plant cells to store water. Lots of small vacuoles are scattered in animal cells.

10. Cell Components: Lysosomes “Sanitations”: produce chemicals that digests wastes and worn-out cell parts. When the cell dies the lysosomes break open and break down the cell. Mostly found in animal cells

11. Cell Components: Cytoskeleton Network of supports that help maintain all organelles Contain microfilaments and microtubules (Like iron beams!)

12. Cell Components: Chloroplasts Organelle that uses energy from the sun to make food Like “Solar panels” collect energy to power houses or factories Found only in plant cells

13. Cell Components: Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the cell” supplies energy to power all of the cell’s functions . Found in higher numbers in cells that need a lot of energy.

14. Cell Components: Cell Wall Cell wall is like a “security fence”…works as a barrier and also provides support Only found around plant cells

15. Cell Components: Cell Membrane “City limits” maintains the cell’s limits or boundaries . Controls what goes in and out of the cell . food and water move in, waste moves out. Made up of phospholipids