Cell-Parts-and-Functions-Biochem. presentation

Cell Parts and Functions: BIOCHEM - BSN 1

1. Review of the Cell Structure and Functions

2. Cells Smallest living unit Most are microscopic Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

3. Principles of Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell All cells arise from preexisting cells (this principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation)

4. What is the size of a cell? Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

5. Characteristics of All Cells A surrounding membrane Protoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid Organelles – structures for cell function Control center with DNA Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

6. What are the two types of cell? 1. Prokaryotic 2. Eukaryotic

7. Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

8. Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

9. Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Possess many organelles Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

10. Representative Animal Cell Source: https://basicbiology.net/micro/cells/animal-cells

11. Representative Plant Cell Source: https://www.123rf.com/photo_80713899_education-chart-of-biology-for-plant-cell-diagram.html

12. Organelles Cellular machinery Two general kinds Derived from membranes Bacteria-like organelles

13. Plasma Membrane Contains cell contents Double layer of phospholipids & proteins Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

14. Phospholipids Polar Hydroph i lic head Hydrophobic tail Interacts with water Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

15. Movement Across the Plasma Membrane A few molecules move freely Water, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, Oxygen Carrier proteins transport some molecules Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model – describes fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

16. Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

17. Membrane Proteins 1. Channels or transporters Move molecules in one direction 2. Receptors Recognize certain chemicals Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

18. Membrane Proteins 3. Glycoproteins Identify cell type 4. Enzymes Catalyze production of substances Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

19. Cytoplasm Viscous fluid containing organelles components of cytoplasm Interconnected filaments & fibers Fluid = cytosol Organelles (not nucleus) storage substances Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

20. Cytoskeleton Filaments & fibers Made of 3 fiber types Microfilaments Microtubules Intermediate filaments 3 functions: mechanical support anchor organelles help move substances Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

21. A = actin, IF = intermediate filament, MT = microtubule Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

22. Cilia & Flagella Provide motility Cilia Short Used to move substances outside human cells Flagella Whip-like extensions Found on sperm cells Basal bodies like centrioles Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

23. Cilia & Flagella Structure Bundles of microtubules With plasma membrane Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

24. Centrioles Pairs of microtubular structures Play a role in cell division Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

25. Membranous Organelles Functional components within cytoplasm Bound by membranes Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

26. Nucleus Control center of cell Double membrane Contains Chromosomes Nucleolus Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

27. Nuclear Envelope Separates nucleus from rest of cell Double membrane Has pores Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

28. DNA Hereditary material Chromosomes DNA Protiens Form for cell division Chromatin

29. Nucleolus Most cells have 2 or more Directs synthesis of RNA Forms ribosomes Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

30. Endoplasmic Reticulum Helps move substances within cells Network of interconnected membranes Two types Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

31. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes attached to surface Manufacture protiens Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER May modify proteins from ribosomes Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

32. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum No attached ribosomes Has enzymes that help build molecules Carbohydrates Lipids

33. Golgi Apparatus Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall Packaging & shipping station of cell Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

34. Functions of Golgi Apparatus 1. Molecules come in vesicles 2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane 3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi 4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle 5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus 6. Vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents

35. Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

36. Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes Functions Aid in cell renewal Break down old cell parts Digests invaders Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

37. Vacuoles Membrane bound storage sacs More common in plants than animals Contents Water Food wastes Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

38. Bacteria-Like Organelles Release & store energy Types Mitochondria (release energy) Chloroplasts (store energy) Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

39. Mitochondria Have their own DNA Bound by double membrane Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

40. Mitochondria Break down fuel molecules ( cellular respiration) Glucose Fatty acids Release energy ATP Source: www.chipola.edu/instruct/science/Tidwell/bscppt/alters1e...ppt/alters1e_ppt_ch05.p

41. Review of Eukaryotic Cells

42. Review of Eukaryotic Cells