Cell parts and functions for students

basic parts of the cell

1. Cell Structures and Functions

2. Examples of Cells Amoeba Red Blood Cell Bacteria Plant Stem Nerve Cell

3. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus

4. The Nucleus: Control Center of the Cell

5. Nucleus Nickname : “The Control Center” Description: bounded by a double membrane (lipid bilayer ) Function : transmits hereditary information (DNA), directs chemical activities of the cell, plays role in cellular reproduction

6. Nucleus Distinct structures : 1. Nucleolus: dark staining, oval bodies mass of fibers and granules where ribosomes are formed 2. Chromosomes: elongate, threadlike bodies composed of DNA and protein

7. Section 7-2 Nucleus Nucleolus Cytoplasm

8. 2. Cytoplasm and Its Organelles - a colorless or somewhat grayish, translucent, viscous substance that is capable of flowing ( cytoplasmic streaming) - made of water and organic compounds (70% water, 30% org. compounds) - fills space between nucleus and cell membrane - support cell organelles

9. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cytoplasm

10. a. Ribosomes Nickname: protein factories Description: tiny, knoblike organelle Function : makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

11. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoplasm Ribosomes

12. b. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname : “Roads” or Manufacturer and Shipper Description: flat channels, extensive network of membrane that produces materials for the cell Function : internal transport system/passageway for substances Kinds : Smooth ER and Rough ER

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function : helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function : makes fats or lipids and carbohydrates Storage of calcium ions Modifies chemicals toxic to cell

14. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Complex Cytoplasm

15. c. Golgi Complex Nickname : packaging counters Description : flattened stacks of membranes Function : packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

16. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cytoplasm

17. d. Mitochondria Nickname : “The Powerhouse” Description: rod/bean shape Function : Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP (cellular respiration) ATP : is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

18. Microfilament Microtubule

19. Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

20. 3 . Cell membrane Nickname : Regulator/protector Description: thin 2 layered structure (lipid and protein) covering the surface of cell Function : encloses the contents of the cell gives cell a shape semi-permeable membrane (regulates what enters and leaves the cell)

21. Now let’s talk about structures unique to PLANT Cells!!

22. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole

23. 8. Vacuoles Nickname : Storage tanks Description: bubble-like/round, fluid-filled sac Function : store water and other liquids; waste materials or food particles

24. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts

25. 9. Chloroplast Nickname: Plant’s chemical factory Description: double membrane, green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment Function : traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell

26. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall

27. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 10. Cell Wall Description: Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells Principal structural component - cellulose Function : provides support and protection

28. Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

29. Now let’s talk about structures unique to ANIMAL Cells!!

30. Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Centriole

31. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Cytoplasm Lysosomes

32. 12. Lysosomes : Nickname : Clean-up Crews/Suicide bags Description: circular , but bigger than ribosomes contains hydrolytic enzymes Function : digesting food, destroying harmful bacteria and destroying old cells (recycling centers for damaged organelle)