Cell physiology - Copy (2).ppt biochemistry

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Abdelmuhsin Hussien
Mohamed
Lecturer Of Physiology
Dept.Of Physiology
Introduction to
Human Physiology
lecture no (1)

2. Course overview:
OThis course in Human Physiology offer
learning experiences, which enable the
students to understand normal body functions
in order to explain deviations from normal in
physiological stress and diseases.
OThe course emphasize the mechanisms,
which control the various organ systems and
their integration.
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3. Course contents:
A. Introduction :
1.Cell physiology
2.Body fluids and electrolytes
3.Transport across the cell membrane
4.Transport across the capillary membrane &
edema
5.Homeostasis
6.Control of body fluids
7.Body temperature and Basal metabolic rate
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4. B. Nerve& Muscles
Resting membrane potential
Action potential
Synapses & Neuromuscular transmission

Muscle contraction & relaxation
Autonomic nervous system-1
Autonomic nervous system-2
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5. C. Blood
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Introduction to blood
Red blood cells and hemoglobin
Iron metabolism & Anemia
Blood grouping & Blood transfusion
Plasma proteins
White blood cells
Immunity
Platelets and hemostasis

6. Human Physiology
ODefinition:
OHuman physiology is the branch of
physiology that is concerned with the
functions of the entire human body, from
sub-cellular components to the organs and
organs system.
OIt also concerned with how these functions
are performed and how they are integrated.

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LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION - from the smallest component to the whole body.
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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9. OWhat is the cell?
OCell is the basic structural
and functional units of all
living organisms

10. OAll Living Organisms are Made Up of Units
Called Cells.
OOur bodies start from a single cell and contain
about 75 to 100 trillion cells at maturity.
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11. OThe basic parts of the
cell are:
ONucleus.
OCytosol.
OOrganelles.
OCell membrane.
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12. OContains the
DNA (genetic information)
.
O DNA is organized into
chromosomes.
OGenes are encoded in the
DNA.
O Genes encode for
protein synthesis.
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13. OCytosol is the liquid matrix of the cell- mostly water.
OContains salts, dissolved molecules, enzymes, etc.
OThe Cell Organelles are Found within the Cytosol.
O Cytoplasm = Cytosol + organelles (except
nucleus).
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14. OMitochondria.
OEndoplasmic reticulum
ORibosome.
OGolgi apparatus.
OLysosmes.
OPeroxisomes.
OCytoskeleton.
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15. OThe power house of the cells (provide the
energy used by the cell to perform its
functions)
O Active cells like muscles contain large
number of mitochondria.
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16. OThe cristae & the inner cavity of the
mitochondria (the matrix) contain the
respiratory enzymes needed for oxidative
phosphorylation of glucose to release
large amount of energy in form of
ATP( Adenosine Triphosphate)
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17. ONetwork of tubules with
a membrane continuous
with that of the nucleus.
OTypes:
ORough endoplasmic
reticulum.
OSmooth endoplasmic
reticulum.
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18. 1. Rough ER: contains ribosomes.
OFor protein synthesis
2. Smooth ER; No Ribosomes
-Makes Lipids (cell membranes,
steroid hormones ).
.
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19. OPackages proteins into vesicles for secretion
or internal use.
OFinishes proteins: adds sugar molecules to
side groups.

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21. Produced by the Golgi
apparatus.
 Small vesicles surrounded
by membranes.
Contain digestive enzymes
that break down proteins,
lipids, etc.
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