Cell structure and function

Detail study of cell and its organelles.
The function of the cell and its organelles.
Types of cells.

1. StRucture and function of cell and it’s organelles Presented by – Rangnath Ramesh Chikane M. Pharmacy, (Pharmacology) First year(Sem first ) Guided by- Dr. Ajay D. Kshirsagar Assistant propecer School of pharmacy S.R.T.M.U. Nanded

2. Contents Introduction Types of cell Cell organelles Cell membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome Ribosomes Types of cells in human body Referenses

3. Introduction to cell Definition- Cell are basic structural and functional until of life. Robert Hook  First studied the cell structure in the year 1665 . A cell is chemical system that is able to maintain its structure and reproduce. Cells are the fundamental unit of life. All living things are cells or composed of cells.

4. Type of cell Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cells

5. Figure 2.9: Diagram of the cell ultrastructure of an animal cell Eukaryotic Cells

6. Types of cells in human body

7. Cell organelles Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulUm Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Vaccuoles Ribosomes Lysosome Neucleols

8. Cell membrane Cell membrane is composed of a double layer (bilayer) of special lipids (fats) called  phospholipids .  Fluid mosaic model describe it.

9. Function of cell membrane - Function : • Separate contents of cells from their external environment; • Controlling exchange of substances between two cells; • Form separate compartments inside cells in which specialized metabolic pathways can take place, i.e. not interfering each other • As receptor sites for recognizing external stimuli • The glycoproteins on the surface act as cell identity markers, i.e. antigens

10. Nucleus Controlled center of the cell called nucleus.

11. Function of neucleus • Co ntain genetic materials (chromatin) • Act as a control centre for the activities of a cell • The nuclear DNA carries the instructions for the synthesis of proteins • It is involved in the production of ribosomes and RNA • It is essential for cell division

12. Mitochondria Power House of the cell. They are spherical or rod shaped . scattering throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells . Double membrane bounded, the outer of which controls the entry and exit of chemicals and the inner membrane is folded inwards, giving rise to cristae as to increase the surface area on which respiratory processes take place .

13. Function of mitochondria

14. Endoplasmic reticulum Two type of endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum It is a complex network of double membranes extending throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells – It is an extension of the out nuclear membrane. Function of endoplasmic reticulum Biosynthesis Transportation Support Increase surface area of the cell Storage Detoxification.

15. Golgi apparatus It is a secretory organelle . It has a similar structure to sER but is more compact . It consists of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae, together with a system of associated vesicles called Golgi vesicles.

16. Function of golgibody

17. Lysosome Similar in size of mitochondria 0.2-0.5 micron. Called as sucide bags of cell. Functions Endocytosis Exocytosis Autolysis Autophagy

18. Ribosomes Ribosomes are the protein factories of cells. They function by reading messenger RNA and translating the code to build proteins out of amino acid, which are the building blocks. Ribosomes have a flattened spherical shape with a diameter ranging between 15 to 25 nm. They are made of two major pieces or subunits. The smaller subunit reads the mRNA code, whereas the larger assembles the polypeptide chain from amino acids

19. Type of cell in human body Stem cells Red blood cells (erythrocytes) White blood cells (leukocytes) Platelets Nerve cells (neurons) Neuroglial cells Muscle cells (myocytes) Cartillage cells (chondrocytes) Bone cells Skin cells Endothelial cells Epithelial cells Fat cells (adipocytes) Sex cells (gametes)

20. Steam cell Steps involved in steam cell differentiation Growth factor Cell culture substrate Cell culture environment Three dimensions culture Signal inhibitions

21. References Cell, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology by Sandeep Hooda. Notes of Biology by Denise Wong. www.explorecuriocity.org . www.google.co.in/ images

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