Cells

1. Concept : Eukaryotic cells have internal
membranes that compartmentalize their
functions
•The basic structural and functional unit of every
organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or
eukaryotic
•Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea
consist of prokaryotic cells
•Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of
eukaryotic cells

2. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Cells
•Basic features of all cells
–Plasma membrane
–Semifluid substance called cytosol
–Chromosomes (carry genes)
–Ribosomes (make proteins)

3. •Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having
–No nucleus
–DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
–No membrane-bound organelles
–Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane

4. Fimbriae
Bacterial
chromosome
A typical
rod-shaped
bacterium
(a)
Nucleoid
Ribosomes
Plasma
membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Flagella
A thin section
through the
bacterium Bacillus
coagulans (TEM)
(b)
0.5 mm
Figure 6.5

5. Figure 6.5a
A thin section through the
bacterium Bacillus coagulans
(TEM)
(b)
0.5 mm

6. •Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having
–DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a
membranous nuclear envelope
–Membrane-bound organelles
–Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma
membrane and nucleus
•Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than
prokaryotic cells

7. Figure 6.8a
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Rough
ER
Smooth
ER
Nuclear
envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Plasma
membrane
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
LysosomeMitochondrion
Peroxisome
Microvilli
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments
Centrosome
CYTOSKELETON:
Flagellum NUCLEUS

8. NUCLEUS
Nuclear
envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondrion
Peroxisome
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Wall of adjacent cell
Plasmodesmata
Chloroplast
Microtubules
Intermediate
filaments
Microfilaments
CYTOSKELETON
Central vacuole
Ribosomes
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Figure 6.8c

9. A Panoramic View of the Eukaryotic Cell
•A eukaryotic cell has internal membranes that
partition the cell into organelles
•Plant and animal cells have most of the same
organelles

10. BioFlix: Tour of an Animal Cell

11. BioFlix: Tour of a Plant Cell