CellularMobileNetworkFINAL.Networkingpptx

Mobile networking

1. Mobile/Cellular Network (Architecture & Evolution) The Evolutionary Mobile Network Group 1

2. Presentation outline Mobile and Pervasive Computing Introduction to mobile and pervasive Properties Main characteristics Challenges Connection To Mobile/Cellular Network Introduction Cellular network organization Cellular concept First generation 1G Second generation 2G Third generation 3G Four generation 4G Fifth generation 5G Conclusion 2. Cellular/Mobile networking 2

3. Concept The concept of pervasive computing originated from the vision of Mark Weiser, who proposed the idea of "calm technology" where computers seamlessly blend into the background and become invisible to users. This vision has driven research and development in the field, leading to the creation of various technologies and systems that enable pervasive computing environments. These environments involve wireless communication, wearable or handheld computers, and smart spaces . 3

4. What is mobile and pervasive? Mobile and pervasive networks can be defined as a collection of interconnected devices and infrastructure that enable wireless communication and data transfer in a mobile and ubiquitous computing environment . These networks utilize various wireless technologies , such as cellular networks, WiFi , and Bluetooth, to provide seamless connectivity and enable the exchange of information between devices and smart environments . 4

5. Challenges The need for efficient computation offloading in mobile-edge cloud computing The seamless networking and communication in resource-constrained and volatile wireless environments The scalability and adaptability of mobile and pervasive computing systems are important considerations. Properties Ubiquity Mobility Heterogeneity Context-ware Transparency Scalability Energy efficiency Security and privacy The characteristics C ontext awareness, Implicit interest in humans, Transparent networking, A rtificial intelligence, A utonomous operation 5

6. Making Connection Widespread Connectivity Real-time Data Exchange Location Services IoT Connectivity Seamless Handover High Data Speed and Low Latency The connection between cellular/mobile networks and ubiquitous computing is that these networks provide the underlying infrastructure for a wide range of A pplications Networks provide the connectivity that enables devices to communicate with each other and access the internet from virtually anywhere . 6

7. INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR/ MOBILE NETWORKING A cellular network or mobile network is a wireless radio network that is mostly cellular in nature, where coverage is divided into a number of geographic coverage areas called cells . In each cell site there is a BS . BSs provide the radio communication for cell phones and or smartphones with operator’s network, even when moving through different cells during transmission. 7

8. Cell Structure Cellular networks divide their service areas into cells, each served by its own antenna and base station consisting of a transmitter, receiver, and control unit. The division into cells, usually in a hexagonal pattern, is crucial for efficient network organization. This cell structure allows for the management of network resources and the provision of services to mobile users in different locations. 8

9. The cellular concept is based on the idea of creating cells of different sizes, which may overlap . These cells include: Macrocells: Cover larger areas, extending up to a few kilometers . Microcells: Cover smaller areas, extending up to a few hundred meters . Picocells: Cover even smaller areas, up to a few tens of meters . Femtocells: Extremely small cells that may cover only a few meters, typically used in home environments . 9

10. 1G Networks Emerged commercially in 1980s Used analog radio signals to carry voice calls Had no security or privacy measures - calls easily intercepted Supported only basic voice services, no data or encryption capabilities Mobile devices were extremely bulky with poor battery life Multiple incompatible analog standards used globally: AMPS/TACS in North America and Australia NMT in Nordic countries C-Netz in Germany Provided no support for ubiquitous computing 10

11. 2G Networks First commercially deployed digital cellular systems, arrived in 1990s Digitization brought major improvements in call quality and capacity Supported basic data services like SMS, fax, and circuit-switched data Introduced digital encryption for basic security and privacy Interoperability enabled by GSM standard for international roaming 2.5G enhancements like GPRS introduced packet switching, enabling higher speed data 2.75G EDGE increased data rates up to 384 kbps Set the stage for future ubiquitous computing capabilities 11

12. 3G Networks Emerged in early 2000s with significantly faster network speeds Leveraged CDMA2000 and UMTS/WCDMA 3G wireless technologies Supported advanced multimedia services like video calls, mobile TV Enabled Full Internet access, content streaming, applications Beefed up security and privacy with enhanced encryption Ubiquitous capabilities expanded greatly via highspeed data access Set stage for widespread adoption of smartphones and tablets Evolution path from 3G to 4G LTE advanced radio access technologies 12

13. 4G LTE Networks Provided full-fledged, ultra high-speed mobile broadband Internet Peak downlink rates up to 1 Gbps; uplink up to 500 Mbps Ultra low latency enabled innovative real-time applications Signaling encryption secured network access and integrity EPS encryption protected user data privacy Supported growing ubiquity of smartphones and tablets globally Enabled innovations like IoT, autonomous vehicles, mobile AR/VR Laid the foundation for connecting society through mobile data 13

14. The Need for 5G   Lower battery consumption. Lower outage probability. Better coverage and high data rates available at cell edge. Multiple concurrent data transfer paths. Possible to lGbps and higher data rate in mobility. More secure; better cognitive radio 'SDR Security. Higher system level spectral efficiency. World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW). Wireless based web applications that include full multimedia capability beyond 4G speeds. More applications combined with Artificial Intelligent (AI) as human life will be surrounded by artificial sensors which could be communicating with mobile phones. 14

15. 5G Networks Currently being deployed globally Leverages eMBB, mMTC, and URLLC to address expanding use cases Delivers extremely high bandwidth (100+ Mbps), low latency (1ms), and ultra reliability New radio technologies like mmWave, Massive MIMO, dynamic beamforming Built-in network slicing and virtualization capabilities State-of-the-art encryption, access control, network isolation Will massively expand ubiquitous computing capabilities and fuel connected society Allows technologies dependent on hyper-connectivity to flourish 15

16. 5G Usage Scenarios Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB ) Significantly improves data rate, latency, capacity, coverage Enables live streaming of AR/VR apps Supports high bandwidth data driven applications Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) Provides highly stringent low latency Enables mission-critical applications: Autonomous vehicles Smart power grids Remote surgery Industrial automation Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) Connects very large number of low power, low data rate devices Targets wide range of Internet of Things use cases: Smart cities, Asset tracking, Smart agriculture, Smart homes, Highway sensors, ect 16

17. 5G Architecture Phones and devices used by people (User Equipme Radio towers that send and receive wireless signals (Radio Access Network). These use new technologies like mmWave. Central hub that connects the radio towers with external networks (5G Core Network). It authenticates users and routes traffic . Slicing technology that creates multiple virtual networks on the physical 5G network. Each slice is customized for a particular use. Computing power distributed closer to the edge, near users (Multi-Access Edge Computing). This reduces delay. Software-based approaches used for network functions (NFV and SDN). This makes the network more flexible. 17

18. Conclusion Our Mission Delve into world of Mobile and Pervasive Networking Underscore pivotal role of mobile/cellular networks Enable Mobile & Pervasive Computing/Networking Network Evolution Remarkable progression from 1G to 5G Transformed communication, security, capabilities From analog voice to high-speed digital data Role in Ubiquitous Computing Provide foundation for mobile device integration Enable context awareness and user personalization Support real-time data exchange and location services Network Architecture Components like base stations ensure efficiency Advancing generations expand speed and reliability 5G will bring faster, ubiquitous connections Concluding Thoughts Mobile networks pivotal in shaping connected world Our mission is education and information sharing Much more potential to be realized in future 18

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20. Thank You 20