Central Processing Unit-6.pptx

Central processing Unit lecture for Computer

1. Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit: CPU is a single Integrated Circuit (IC) chip, also known as the microprocessor. The microprocessor is plugged into motherboard of the computer .

2. Central Processing Unit CPU or processor is also called brain of computer. CPU consists of arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and Control unit (CU). CPU Have a set of registers which are temporary storage areas for holding data and instructions. ALU perform the arithmetic and logic operations on data. CU organized the processing of data and instructions . CU control and coordinates the activity of other units of computer . For processing CPU get data and instruction from memory and interprets the instructions for performing the arithmetic and logic operations.

3. Central Processing Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit: ALU consists of two parts Arithmetic and logic unit. The arithmetic unit performs arithmetic operations on the data like addition, Subtraction, multiplication and division. The logic unit of ALU is performing logic operations like comparisons of numbers, letters and special characters. Logic operations include greater than, less than or equal to condition.

4. Central Processing Unit Control Unit: the control unit of a computer does not do any processing of data. It organizes the processing of data and instructions. It control and coordinate s the activity of the other unit of computer. CU carry the store programs instructions to ALU and registers. CU use the instruction in the IR registers to decide which circuit needs to be activated. CU hold CPU instruction set, which is a list of operation that the CPU can perform.

5. Central Processing Unit Registers: registers are high speed storage areas within CPU, but have less storage capacity. Registers store data, instruction, addresses and intermediate results of processing. Registers are used for different purposes. Some important registers in CPU are. Accumulator (ACC) stores the results of arithmetic and logic operations. Instruction register (IR) contains the current instruction most recently fetched. Program counter (PC) contains the address of next instruction to be processed. Memory address register (MAR) contains the address of next location in the memory to be processed. Memory buffer register (MBR) temporarily stores data from memory or the data to be sent to memory. Data register (DR) store the operands and any other data.

6. Central Processing Unit The number of registers and the size of each register in a CPU help to determine the power and the speed of a CPU. The number of registers in a CPU from ten to hundreds. The size of register indicates the amount of data with which the computer can work at any given time. The bigger the size, the more quickly it can process the data. The size of a register may be 8, 16, 32 or 64 bits .

7. Central Processing Unit 32-bit CPU is one in which each register is 32 bits wide and the CPU can manipulate 32 bit of data at a time. 32-bit processor and 64-bit processor are the term used for the size of register. 64-bit processor can process the data twice as fast as one with 32-bit processor.

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