centrifuge

1. centrifuge Prepared By Name: Pankaj N aliyapara Roll Number: 603142 L.D. College of Engineering Biomedical Engineering Department Ahmedabad-15

2. content ●History ●Introduction ●Principle ●Types ●Procedure ●Application ●Safety

3. History

4. INTRODUCTION DEFINATION “ THE DEVICE USE TO SEPARATE HEAVIER PARTICLES FROM THE LIGHTER ONE BY THE ACTION OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE .” ● The principle component of a centrifuge is the rotor, which is the moving part that spins at high speeds . ● Rotors can be fixed in position, or a centrifuge can use multiple rotors fixed atop part called the spindle.

5. principle ● The centrifuge works on the principle of increasing effective gravity to enhance the rate of settling of suspended particles more dense than the buffer . ● we need to double the force on samples , increase the rotation speed by 41%. ● After centrifuging, the liquid is called " supernatant“ and the solids at the bottom of tube are called " pellet".

6. ● Centrifugal force :- “a force, arising from the body's inertia, which to act on a body moving in a circular path and is directed away from the centre around which the body is moving .”

7. types types by rotor design

8. types by intended use

9. ● Fixed-angle :- Fixed angle rotor centrifuges are probably the most common type of this instrument encounter in the lab. These centrifuges, in which tubes sit in a fixed and angled position , are used in differential centrifugation protocols. In these protocols, a series of centrifugations at different speeds can be used to purify biological specimens like animal cells. ● Ultracentrifuges :- It can spin in excess of 70,000 rpm, which makes it well suited for the isolation of small particles, like DNA or viruses.

10. 10 MLI-mde 210, 311 Centrifuge tubes Glass centrifuge tubes can be used with most solvents, but tend to be more expensive . They can be cleaned like other laboratory glassware, and can be sterilized by autoclaving. Plastic centrifuge tubes , especially micro-centrifuge tubes tend to be less expensive . Water is preferred when plastic centrifuge tubes are used. They are more difficult to clean thoroughly, and are usually inexpensive enough to be considered disposable

11. 11 MLI-mde 210, 311 Centrifuge tubes Three microcentrifuge tubes: 2 mL, 1.5 mL and 200 μL . Four screw-top micro-centrifuge tubes.

12. PROCEDURE

13. Centrifugation of blood ● A centrifuge separates out blood components by their various densities . ●The red blood cells (RBCs) are denser and move to the bottom of the tube . ●The plasma fraction is the least dense and will float as the top layer . Example

14. ●The plasma fraction is the least dense and will float as the top layer. ● The "buffy coat“ which contains the majority of platelets will be sandwiched between the plasma and above the RBCs.

15. applications ● Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk. ● Removing water from lettuce after washing it in a  salad spinner . ● Separating particles from an air-flow. ● For clarification and stabilization. ● Separation of water particles from clothes while spin-drying in washing machines. ● Separation of urine components and blood components in forensic and research labs.

16. Centrifuge safety ● Ensure that centrifuge bowls and tubes are dry. ● Ensure that the spindle is clean ● Ensure that the rotor is properly seated on the drive shaft. ● Make sure that tubes or containers are properly balanced in the rotor. ● Do not exceed the rotor’s maximum run speed. ● Close the centrifuge lid during operation . ● Make sure that the centrifuge is operating normally before leaving the area. ● Make sure that the rotor has come to a complete stop before opening the lid.

17. video