Ceo2 nps

ceo2 nanoparticles....

1. Centre for Nano Science & Technology Institute of Science and Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Kukatpally , Hyderabad-85, Telangana , India. Cerium oxide nanoparticles: green synthesis and biological applications

2. Abstract Introduction CeO 2 -NP synthesis chemical properties Physical properties Applications Characterization techniques Results & conclusions references

3. Research is mainly focused on the nature to apply in the field of science and technology, especially in nanotechnology. In these natural systems using Green synthesis method.we use turmeric powder as to which it says that turmeric has been named as a medicine and cured for injuries acting as an antibatic .The obtained Ceo2 nanoparticless have been characterized by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Tunneling Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Thermo Gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG/DTA) for average crystallite size, average particle size, morphology, structure and thermal stability respectively. abstract

4. CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have received much attention in nanotechnology due to their useful applications as catalysts, fuel cells and antioxidants in biological systems.1–5 In general, cerium can exist in two oxidation states: Ce3+ and Ce4+. Therefore, cerium dioxide can have two different oxide forms, CeO2 (Ce4+) or Ce2O3 (Ce3+), in bulk material.4,6 On the nanoscale , the cerium oxide lattice has a cubic fluorite structure, and both Ce3+ and Ce4+ can coexist on its surface. Charge deficiency due to the presence of Ce3+ is compensated by oxygen vacancy in the lattice; thus, CeO2-NPs contain intrinsic oxygen defects.7 These oxygen defects are actually sites of catalytic reactions. The concentration of oxygen defects increases with reduction in particle size.8 Therefore, CeO2-NPs have improved redox properties with respect to the bulk materials. Moreover, the presence of a mixed valance state plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. CeO2-NPs are found to be effective against pathologies associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Recently, CeO2-NPs have also been reported to have multienzyme , including superoxide oxidase , catalase and oxidase , and mimetic properties, and have emerged as a fascinating material in biological fields, such as in bioanalysis,9–14 biomedicine15 and drug delivery.16,17 These applications are derived from quick transition of the oxidation state between Ce3+ and Ce4+.6 The surface Ce3+:Ce4+ ratio is influenced by the microenvironment. introduction

5. Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the nanoscale. It measures certain dimensions between approximately 1 to 100 nanometers(nm). Nano technology is mainly based on the size. It includes different fields of science such as surface science, organic chemistry, semi conductor physics, molecular biology etc. Nanotechnology is the kind of engineering which mainly functions at the molecular scale. The materials having constituents of this nanoscale dimensions are called nanomaterials. NANOTECHNOLOGY

6. The trending issue in nanoscience is green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and also biological synthesis using different organisms. There are many methods to synthesize nanoparticles such as chemical method, solgel method, wet-chemical method, sonochemical method, hydrothermal method, precipitating method etc. But green synthesis method is widely used now a days as this method does not contain any chemicals and leads to a good result. Among all the organisms, plants are widely used as they are helpful in large amounts of biosynthesis of nanoparticles and these are more stable and also more variable when compared to other organisms. NANO SCIENCE

7. CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES Characterization techniques are the methods used to know the materials structure and properties. There are different techniques like XRD, SEM, UV-VIS, FTIR, PSA. X Ray Diffraction(XRD) technique is a technique used for determining the average crystalline size of nanoparticles. Ultraviolet(UV) spectroscopy is to measure the optical properties of synthesized nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) is to measure the size and morphology. Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) is used to observe the shape and Particle Size Analyser(PSA) is used to find the size of the particles.

8. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY The science dealing with the study of the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by micro-organisms is known as medical microbiology. Its subdisciplines are virology (study of viruses), bacteriology (study of bacteria), mycology (study of fungi), phycology (study of algae) and protozoology (study of protozoa). For the treatment of diseases inhibitory chemicals employed to kill micro-organisms or prevent their growth, are called antimicrobial agents. These are classified according to their application and spectrum of activity, as germicides that kill micro-organisms, whereas micro-biostatic agents inhibit the growth of pathogens and enable the leucocytes and other defense mechanism of the host to cope up with static invaders. The germicides may exhibit selective toxicity depending on their spectrum of activity. They may act as viricides (killing viruses), bacteriocides (killing bacteria), algicides (killing algae) or fungicides (killing fungi).

9. PLANT MATERIAL Turmeric (Curcuma longa ) is a flowering plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, the roots of which are used in cooking The plant is rhizomatous, herbaceous, and perennial, and is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and requires temperatures between 20 and 30 °C (68 and 86 °F) and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive. Plants are gathered each year for their rhizomes, some for propagation in the following season and some for consumption. When not used fresh, the rhizomes are boiled in water for about 3045 minutes and then dried in hot ovens, after which they are ground into a deep orange-yellow powder commonly used as a coloring and flavoring agent in many Asian cuisines, especially for curries, as well as for dyeing

10. Extraction of curcuma longa Extraction of Curcuma Longa Tubers Powder :- The Curcuma longa tubers were purchased from a local market; The Curcuma longa tubers were washed to remove the adhering mud particles and possible impurities. Later they were dried under sunlight for a 2 days to completely remove the moisture. The tubers were cut into small pieces, powdered in a mixer, and then sieved using a 20-mesh sieve to get uniform size range. The final sieved powder was used for all further studies. For the production of extract, 0.3 g of curcuma longa tubers powder was added to a 200 ml flask with 100 ml distilled water and then mixed for 2 hours at 200C temperature.

11. GREEN SYNTHESIS 0.5M of Cerium nitrate(Ce(NO3)3 cerium was added in 100 ml of Distilled water and further stirred for 30 minutes. Then the ceo2 precursor solution was centrifuged for 10 minutes . Thereafter, the precipitated powder was collected and washed for 5 times in deionized water for the removal of unwanted particles .Thus obtained powder was dried at 2000c in hot air oven and gently grinded using agate mortar and pestle to avoid any structural and morphological changes in the prepared final fine powder (ceo2 nanopowder). Finally, the grinded powder was calcinated for 2 hour in tubular furnace.

12. Physical methods - Ball milling Thermal evaporation Vapour phase chemical methods – sol-gel method biological methods – In bacteria Using plant extract S ynthesis – methods

13. The CeO2 composite  oxide  is synthesized with  peroxide  as a precursor. Turmeric (curcuma longa ) Belongs to familty – zingiberacae Distilled water SYNTHESIS-MAIN PRECURSORS

14. T urmeric extract:

15. FLOWCHART OF SYNTHSIS: calc turmeric powder 20g in 100ml distilled water Constant boiling (40min) filtration Dissociation of nanoparticles using whatmann filter paper Constant stirring for 4hours C alcination

16. Chemical symbol - Ce Group 3 Electronic configuration - [XE] 4f 2  6s 2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

17. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Density6.770 g/cm 3 0.0002 lb/in 3 Molar mass140.12 g/mol

18. The key applications of cerium nanoparticles are as follows: Used for many fuel cell functions such as in the electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) Used to remove ultrafine diesel particle emissions like carbon In steel manufacturing, they are used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by forming stable oxysulfides , and by tying up unwanted trace elements like antimony and lead Very efficient glass polishing agents that can be used for precision optical polishing Applied to decolor glass The nanoparticles of cerium oxide are used as in the following areas: As a catalyst, and in sunscreens, gas sensors, and cosmetic creams used in chemical and mechanical polishing (CMP) and in the wood coating industry Very good optical properties and can filter UV rays. Researchers are exploring the anti-inflammatory properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles . Source: AZoNano applications

19. XRD - Average crystallite size – X-ray diffractometer PSA - Average particle size SEM- Size & Morphology TEM – Shape of Particles TG/DTA- Thermal properties CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES

20. 1. Gagnon J, Fromm KM. Toxicity and protective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles ( Nanoceria ) depending on their preparation method, particle size, cell type, and exposure route.  Eur J Inorg Chem. 2015;27:4510–4517. 2.  Tian Z, Li J, Zhang Z, Gao W, Zhou X, Qu Y. Highly sensitive and robust peroxidase -like activity of porous nanorods of ceria and their application for breast cancer detection. Biomaterials. 2015;59:116–124.[ PubMed ] references

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