Cervical spine gonio

cervical spine goniometer for flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation with the fulcrum, proximal arm and distal or movable arm.

1. CERVICAL SPINE GONIOMETRY VIBHUTI NAUTIYAL MPT (MUSCULOSKELETAL)

2. CERVICAL FLEXION Occurs in the sagittal plane Mediolateral axis Testing position: Sitting position Thoracic and lumbar spine well supported by the back of the chair Head in zero degree of rotation and lateral flexion Stabilization: Stabilize the shoulder girdle and chest by using a strap

3. Testing motion: Put one hand on the back of the subjects head Other hand, hold the subjects chin Push gently but firmly on the back of the patients head to move the head anteriorly Pull the patients chin toward the chest to move the subject through flexion ROM End of the ROM occurs when further motion is restricted or further attempts at flexion cause forward flexion of the trunk

4. End feel: firm Goniometer alignment: Fulcrum: over the external auditory meatus Proximal arm: perpendicular to the ground Distal arm: base of the nares or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tongue depressor Tape measurement: measure the distance between the tip of the chin and the lower edge of the sternal notch

5. CERVICAL EXTENSION Occurs in the sagittal plane Around a mediolateral axis Testing motion: Sitting position Thoracic and lumbar spine well supported by the back of a chair Head in zero degree of rotation and lateral flexion Stabilization: Stabilize the shoulder girdle and chest to prevent external of the thoracic and lumbar spine Strap also may be used

6. Testing motion: Put one hand on the back of the subjects head Other hand, hold the subjects chin Push gently but firmly upward and posterior on the chin to move the head in extension End of the ROM occurs when resistance to further motion is felt and further attempts at extension cause extension of the trunk. End feel: firm

7. Goniometer alignment: Fulcrum: over the external auditory meatus Proximal arm: perpendicular to the ground Distal arm: base of the nares or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tongue depressor Tape measurement: measure the distance between the mark at the sternal notch and tip of the chin at the end of extension ROM

8. CERVICAL LATERAL FLEXION Occurs in frontal plane AP axis Testing position: Sitting Cervical spine in zero degree of flexion, extension and rotation Stabilisation: Stabilize the shoulder girdle and chest To prevent lateral flexion of the thoracic spine and lumbar spine

9. Testing motion: Grabs the subjects head at the top and side Pull the head towards the shoulder End of the motion occurs when resistance is felt and further attempts cause lateral flexion of trunk End feel: firm Goniometer alignment: Fulcrum: C7 spinous process Proximal arm: perpendicular to the ground Distal arm: parallel to the occiput

10. Tape measurement: measure the distal between the tip of the acromion process and tip of the ear at the end of the lateral flexion ROM

11. CERVICAL ROTATION Transverse plane Vertical axis Testing position Sitting Thoracic and lumbar spine supported Spine in zero degree of flexion, extension and lateral flexion Stabilization: Shoulder girdle and chest Prevent rotation of the thoracic and lumbar spine Strap around the chest

12. Testing motion: Grab the subjects chin and rotate the head to the shoulder End- feel: firm Goniometer alignment: Fulcrum: centre of the cranial aspect Proximal arm: imaginary line between 2 acromion process Distal arm: parallel to the tip of nose or tongue depressor Tape measurement: measure the distance between chin and acromion process