CET UNIT II INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS.pptx

SECOND YR BSC NURSING

1. CET UNIT II INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP Presented by Mrs Bemina JA Assistant Professor Esic College of Nursing Kalaburagi

2. One of the most distinctive aspects of human beings is that we are social beings. Interpersonal relationships are & have been the core of our social system since the dawn of civilization. Nursing is a therapeutic process & demands an association between the nurse & the patient. INTRODUCTION

3. Interpersonal relationships refer to reciprocal social & emotional interactions between two or more individuals in an environment. Interpersonal relationship is defined as a close association between individuals who share common interests & goals. DEFINITION

4. I. Dyad II. Triad III. Group DYNAMICS OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

5. A dyad consists of two interacting people. It is the simplest of the three interpersonal dynamics. One person relays a message & the other listen. It is one of the most unstable interpersonal dynamic. The interaction ends when one constituent of the dyad refuses to listen or share his or her message. I. Dyad

6. A triad consists of three interaction people. It is more stable than the dyad as the third members may act as a mediator when there is conflict between the other two. II. Triad

7. A group consists of more than three members & is a collection of traids & dyads. It is the most stable from of interpersonal relationship. III. Group

8. I. Interpersonal relationship for an Individual Personal growth & development Source of enjoyment Sense of security Context of understanding Interpersonal needs Establishing personal identity 8 PURPOSES

9. Building a positive functional multidisciplinary team Improving intra-and/or inter-team communication, coordination & cooperation Building mutual understanding & cooperation Understanding self Improved decision making & problem solving II. Interpersonal relationship for nurses

10. Developing a sense of security & comfort Fostering trust & cooperation Facilitating communication Improving socialization Developing & maintaining positive feelings III. Interpersonal relationship for patients

11. Interpersonal relationships are classified based on relational contexts of interaction & the types of mutual expectations between communicators. Some common types of interpersonal relation are Friendship Family & kinship Professional relationship Love Marriage Platonic relationship Casual relationships Brotherhood & sisterhood Acquaintances TYPES

12.   Theories of friendship emphasize the concept as a freely chosen association where individuals develop a common ground of thinking & behaving when they enter into the relationship by including mutual love, trust, respect & unconditional acceptance for each other. Friendship is a relationship with no formalities & the individuals enjoy each other’s presence. Friendship

13. Family communication patterns establish roles & identify & enable personal & social growth of individuals. Family relationships can get distorted if there is an unresolved conflict between members. Family and kinship By blood and by marriage

14. Individual working for the same organization are said to share a professional relationship & are called colleagues. Colleagues may or may not like each other Professional Relationship

15. A informalized intimate relationship characterized by passion, intimacy, trust & respect is called love. Individuals in a romantic relationship are deeply attached to each other & share a special bond Love

16. Marriage is a formalize intimate relationship or a long-term relationship where two individuals decide to enter into wedlock & stay together life-long after knowing each other well. Marriage

17. A relationship between two individuals without feelings of sexual desire for each other is called a platonic relationship. In such a relationship, a man & a woman are just friends & do not mix love with friendship. Platonic relationships might end in a romantic relationship with partners developing feelings of love for each other. Platonic Relationship

18. In these relationships, the individuals usually develop a relationship that exclusively lacks mutual love & consists of sexual behavior only that does not extend beyond one night. These individuals may be known as sexual partners in a wider sense of friends with benefits who consider sexual intercourse only in their relationship. Casual Relationships

19. Individuals united for a common cause or a common interest (may involve formal membership in clubs, organization, associations, societies, etc.) may be termed as a brotherhood or a sisterhood. In this relationship, individuals are committed to doing good deeds for fellow members & people. Brotherhood & Sisterhood

20. An acquaintance is a relationship where someone is simply known to someone by introduction or by a few interaction. There is an absence of close relationship & the individuals lack in-depth personal information about other. This could also be a beginning of a future close relationship. Acquaintances

21. It starts as a initial encounter b/w a nurse and as a stranger and the patient having problems Pact formation occurs b/w the nurse and pt. The nurse clarifies his or her responsibilities The nurse identifies the patients problems , defines the problems and settles on the type of service needed ORIENTATION PHASE

22. In this phase the nurse approaches the patient with empathetic understanding to understand accurately the problems While communicating with the patient problems the nurse should use specific terminologies rather than abstract terms The nurse helps the patient to identify his problems in their own context and uses the available resources to solve them The nurse helps the patient to use the best professional assistance to solve their problems The patients self esteem will be boosted by having feelings of belongingness and having the ability to solve problems IDENTIFICATION PHASE

23. • Its making use of professional help to gain as much as possible • The patient understands his problems and explores all possible alternative solution to his problems • The nurse helps the patient to learn how to explore and use the available resources to solve his problems • The patients uses the best solutions and solves his problems • The patient is able to deal adequately with his/her problems EXPLOITATION PHASE

24. This is termination of the professional relationship that begins with the convalesce and rehabilitation stage of hospitalization and ends with discharge of patient The needs of the client have been met and they depart from each other therapeutically If psychological dependence has been developed it should be terminated therapeutically and tactfully RESOULTION PHASE

25. NURSE-PATIENT RELATION Peplau’s describes six different nursing roles that emerges in Nurse Patient Relation. 1. Role of the stranger 2. Role of Resource person Instructional 3. Teaching role Experimental 4. Leadership role 5. Surrogate role 6. Counselling role

26. Perceptual : noticing how parties look at each other and their body – language Intractional cues : nodding, maintaining eye contact Invitational : encouraging the potential relationship Avoidance strategies : if one person discloses and the other does not; minimal response 1. Contact

27. 2. Involvement • Feelers: hints or questions • Intensifying strategies: furthering relationship • Public: parties seen in public together 3. Intimacy: Parties very close; may have exchanged some sort of personal belonging 4. Deterioration : things start to fall apart

28. Mutual Benefit Principle: The strong interpersonal relations are formed when people share same group of interests. It helps them to form a strong bond and meet up the social need of themselves. Credit Principle: For making the relation with the people fruitful and pleasant it is important to make people feel that you are useful for them. Respect Principle: Everyone has a right of freedom to speech so everyone has right to share their thoughts. Only through respect one can maintain good interpersonal relationships.   Tolerance Principle: Tolerance means that a person does not care about small minor issues, and by keeping aside the disturbing issues.   Moderation Principle: To maintain a good social interpersonal relation one should keep a moderate way to deal and communicate with people. Principles of IPR

29. Barriers of IPR

30. Personal Barrier

31. Cultural diversity Ethnic diversity Social diversity Language diversity Sociocultural Barriers

32. Categories of Barriers Description of Barriers of IPR Methods of Overcomes Barriers of IPR Personal Barriers Gender variation In IPR, gender must to given due consideration Lack of honesty & trust Honesty & trust must be maintained while establishing & building IPRs Lack of compatibility Compatibility between the individual involved in IPR must be ensured. Feeling of insecurity A sense of security must be ensured between the people involved in an IPRT

33. Personal Barriers Ineffective communication Effective communication is a key aspect of efficient IPRs, therefore, effective communication must be ensure. Distorted self- concept Individuals involved in IPRs must have a sound self- concept & + ve self-esteem Lack of flexibility There must be flexibility in ideology & philosophy of the individuals in a relationship for an effective adaptation & success of the IPR

34. Personal Barriers Lack of respect for others rights A mutual senses of respect must be ensured by the people involved in personal & professional relationships Fear of rejection Fear of rejection must be eliminated between the individual involved in a relationship Pre-existing psychiatric problem Skilled therapeutic communication is required to interact with individuals suffers from psychiatric or personality problems.

35. Situational barriers Complex interaction setting The individuals must try to make the interaction setting simple & familiar & must make the other person feel important. Adverse environmental situations Lack of territoriality High density of individuals Special care must be taken while developing a relationship between individuals of diversified territories & high density or interaction in adverse Lack of distance Lack of time Even individuals must spend quality time with their co- workers to strengthen the bond between them

36. Sociocultural barriers cultural diversity Ethnic diversity Social diversity Individual can try to overcome cultural diversity to trying to enhance the four primary factors that decide interaction patterns (such as openness, trust, owing & risk to experiment) Language diversity Individuals must try to enhance interpersonal communication skills (such as maintaining good eye contact, appropriate body language, listening with patience, etc.)

37. Compatibility Communication Honesty Common Interest (Philosophy) Stay calm Forgiving Smile Time Factors affecting relationship

38. The Johari Window model is a simple and useful tool for illustrating and improving self-awareness, and mutual understanding between individuals within a group. •The Johari Window model can also be used to assess and improve a group's relationship with other groups . The Johari Window

39. • The Johari Window model was devised by American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955, while researching group dynamics at the University of California Los Angeles. Founders

40. Luft and Ingham called their Johari Window model ' Johari ' after combining their first names, Joe and Harry. In early publications the word appears as ' JoHari '. Formation of Name

41. The Johari Window model is especially relevant due to modern emphasis on, and influence of • soft skills • behaviour • empathy • cooperation • inter-group development • interpersonal development. Influence Today

42. The Johari Window soon became a widely used model for understanding and training self-awareness, personal development, improving communications, interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, team development and intergroup relationships. Use of Johari Model

43. The Johari Window model is also referred to as a 'disclosure/feedback model of self awareness', and by some people an 'information processing tool'. The Johari Window actually represents information - feelings, experience, views, attitudes, skills, intentions, motivation, etc within or about a person - in relation to their group, from four perspectives. What actually Model Represents

44. The four Johari Window perspectives are called 'regions' or 'areas' or 'quadrants'. Each of these regions contains and represents the information - feelings, motivation , etc – known about the person, in terms of whether the information is known or unknown by the person , and whether the information is known or unknown by others in the group. Areas of Model

45. JOHARI QUADRANT 1 Johari region 1 is also known as the 'area of free activity'. what is known by the person about him/herself and is also known by others - open area, open self, free area, free self, or 'the arena‘. This is the information about the person – behaviour , attitude, feelings, emotion, knowledge, experience, skills, views, etc known by the person ('the self') and known by the group ('others'). Johari window four quadrants

46. Johari region 2 what is unknown by the person about him/herself but which others know - blind area, blind self, or ' blindspot ‘. Johari quadrant 2

47. what is known to ourselves but kept hidden from, and therefore unknown to others . what the person knows about him/herself that others do not know - hidden area, hidden self, avoided area, avoided self or 'facade‘. Johari quadrant 3

48. what is unknown by the person about him/herself and is also unknown by others unknown area or unknown self. It contains information, feelings, talent abilities, aptitudes, experiences etc, that are unknown to the person him/herself and unknown to others in the group. Johari quadrant 4

49. Some thing are perhaps better not to Communicated (like mental or health problem) Some people may pass on the information they received further then we desire. Some people may react negatively. Using Johari window is useless exercise if it is not linked to the activities that reinforce positive behavior or that correct negative behavior. Some cultures have a very open and accepting approach to feedback and others do not . Some people take personal feedback offensively . Drawbacks of Johari window