Ch 1 Crop Production and Management 1.pptx

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1. BY SARITHA P, TGT SCIENCE JNV PALAKKAD NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI, NOIDA E-CONTENT PREPARATION CLASS – VII SCIENCE CHAPTER – 1 CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

2. IMPORTANT TOPICS TO BE COVERED Importance of agriculture Basic agricultural practices To define Crop Understand different agricultural implements both traditional and modern Advantage of using seed drill. Differentiate between manure and fertilizer Irrigation techniques Weeding techniques and advantages Importance of storage and storage techniques Animal husbandry

3. LEARNING OUT COMES After completing the lesson students will be able to: Understand the Preparation of the soil for a suitable crop Identify Crops and their types according to seasonal changes Analyze the various types of activities do for cultivation of crop and agricultural implements used for it. Appreciate the sequence wise agricultural practices Learn the structure and working of plough, hoe, cultivator, leveler,a seed drill etc. Apply the importance of irrigation and about the sources of irrigation Analyze the effective use of weedicide, pesticide and insecticides. Apply the crop improvement crop rotation and organic farming Learn the safe storage of grains. Explore the type of food products obtains from animals.

4. IMPORTANT TERMS Crop Agriculture Kharif crop Rabi crop Agricultural practices Plough Hoe Cultivator Seed drill Irrigation Manure Fertilizers Insecticide Sprinkler system Harvesting Moat Rahat Dhekli Chain pump Animal husbandry Silos Granaries Cultivation Sowing Weedicide Storage Drip system Weeding Threshing

5. HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE The earliest humans were hunter gatherers. They were nomadic and did not cultivate. Agriculture originated around 10,000-12,000 years ago in the Mideast, China, Egypt and Central America. The earliest domesticated plants may be barley, wheat, rice, peas, lentils etc. Animals like dogs, goats, sheep and pigs were also domesticated.

6. AGRICULTURE Cultivating soil for growing crops and nurturing animals to provide food and other products CROPS Same kind of plants being cultivated on large scale .

7. BASED ON SEASON KHARIF CROPS (RAINY SEASON) RABI CROPS (WINTER SEASON)

8. BASIC AGRICULTURAL PRACTISES PREPARATION OF SOIL SOWING ADDING MANURE AND FERTILIZER IRRIGATION WEEDING HARVESTING THRESHING STORAGE

9. PREPARATION OF SOIL PLOUGHING/ TILLING HOE PLOUGH CULTIVATOR

10. HOE It is a simple tool which is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil. It has a long rod of wood or iron. A strong, broad and bent plate of iron is fixed to one of its ends and works like a blade. It is pulled by animals.

11. PLOUGH Plough is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses WOODEN PLOUGH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGjXFGau-Pw

12. CULTIVATOR Now a days ploughing is done by tractor driven cultivator. Use of cultivator saves labour and time.

13. PLOUGHING It is a practice of loosening of the soil using a plough or tractor TILLING It’s the levelling of the soil by a plank driven by oxen or tractor to prevent soil erosion

14. ADVANTAGES OF PLOUGHING Ploughing makes soil loose. In loose soil, roots can penetrate easily Loose soil promotes aeration and promote growth of friendly microbes Loose soil promotes percolation of water. Ploughing uproots unwanted plants already growing in the field. Ploughing mixes up the manure and decomposing organic matter.

15. SOWING 1.FUNNEL(TRADITIONAL TOOL) 2.SEED DRILL (MODERN TOOL )

16. SOWING The process of scattering of seeds in the field Sowing by hand is called broadcasting In broadcasting the soil will not be in uniform or right depth

17. The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is shaped like a funnel. The seeds are filled into the funnel, passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends. These ends pierce into the soil and place seeds there. TRADITIONAL SEED DRILL DISADVANTAGES Seeds are not sown at uniform distance Seeds are not covered with soil instantly so it could be eaten by birds Seed are not sown at equal depth. It takes lots of time and labour

18. MODERN SEED DRILL The seed drill sows the seeds at the proper seeding rate and depth. Ensuring that the seeds are covered by soil It saves time and labour

19. ADDING MANURES AND FERTILIZERS MANURE ORGANICSUBSTANCE/NATURAL RICH IN HUMUS FERTILIZER INORGANIC / SYNTHETIC RICH IN PARTICULAR NUTRIENT

20. APPLICATION OF MANURE AND FERTILIZER Plants mainly require nitrogen, phosphorous & potassium for healthy growth . Repeated cultivation removes soil nutrients. They can be replenished by the application manure or chemical fertilizers.

21. MANURE AND FERTILIZER MANURE Organic substances Made from vegetable and animal waste Prepared at home Less rich in nutrients Do not harm the soil Slow result FERTILIZER Inorganic substance. Made by chemicals Prepared at factories Nutrient specific Quick result Changes soil texture

22. Dissolves fast Plants absorbs fast and gives quick result Nutrient specific compact ADVANTAGES OF FERTILIZER DISADVANTAGES OF FERTILIZER It pollutes the soil and water bodies causes eutrophication It changes the soil chemistry. It makes the soil too acidic or basic It kills soil organisms. It reduces the soil porosity It affects the food chain It affects the human health

23. ADVANTAGES OF MANURE Enhances the water holding capacity of the soil Improves the texture of the soil Promotes the growth of friendly micro organism Increases the aeration and percolation of water. Add more humus to the soil

24. REPLENISHING OF SOIL Various practices used to replenish the soil nutrients are Field fallow Crop rotation Multiple cropping Adding manures and fertilizers Multiple cropping Crop rotation Fallow field Manure Fertilizer

25. IRRIGATION Supply of water at regular intervals is termed as irrigation Traditional methods MOAT(PULLEY SYSTEM) RAHAT(LIVER SYSTEM) CHAIN PUMP DHEKLI

26. SPRINKLER SYSTEM Modern methods of irrigation Device used to irrigate agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other areas. Used for cooling and for the control of airborne dust.   When water is pressurized through the main pipe it escapes from the rotating nozzles just like a rain Drip system It is the best technique for watering fruit plants gardens and trees It is best technique for water conservation Connected by net work of pipes and reaches to the base of the plant drop by drop Sprinkler system

27. WEEDING Removal of unwanted plants from the crop weeding can be done by 1.USING KHURPI 2.SEED DRILL 3.SPRAYING 2,4-D

28. METHODS OF WEEDING Removal of weed are called weeding Physical method-- By hand Mechanical method– Using khurpi Chemical method– Using weedicide Biological method-- Using insects which feed on pests By hand By khurpi By weedicide Biological control

29. PEST CONTROL Pests are organisms which are harmful to standing crops or stored food grains. Pest control can be done by chemicals called pesticides or by biological means.

30. CROP IMPROVEMENT Increase in food production can be achieved by high yielding crops which can be achieved by the process of hybridization. Hybridization is the cross breeding of two varieties of breed.

31. HARVESTING The cutting of mature crop is called harvesting . MANUAL HARVESTING MACHINE HARVESTING BY SICKLE BY HARVESTER

32. THRESHING Removal of grains from stalk is termed as threshing. 1.Manual threshing 2.Threshing machine 3.Combine thresher

33. WINNOWING The process of separating chaff from grains using wind is called winnowing Traditional method Modern method

34. STORAGE SMALL SCALE STORAGE LARGE SCALE STORAGE JUTE BAGS METALIC BINS SILOS GRANARIES

35. NEED OF SAFE STORAGE OF GRAINS To ensure the availability of seasonal food through out the year. To facilitate distribution of food materials for longer periods To protect perishable food materials for longer periods To reach food materials to remote areas. To facilitate the distribution of food materials in case of emergency Buffer stock: It is the food stock to supply at the time of emergency

36. ANIMAL HUSBANDARY The science of rearing animals and improving livestock at a large scale.

37. ELEMENTS OF ANIMAL HUSBANDARY The various aspects of animal husbandry are : Feeding Weeding Breeding Heeding

38. Same kind of plants being cultivated in large scale is called a crop Base on season the crop can be classified as kharif(rainy) and rabi crops(winter) Basic agricultural practices are 1)preparation of soil 2)sowing 3)adding manure and fertilizer 4)irrigation 5)protection from weeds 6)harvesting and 7)storage. For the preparation of soil hoe, plough or cultivator is used. Sowing of seeds done by either funnel method or seed drill. Seed drills are recommended mostly. Manures or fertilizers are added for the proper growth of the crop. Weeding is also essential in the proper growth of the crop. Irrigation is very important in crop production. Modern methods like sprinkler system or drip irrigation have many advantages. Harvester or combine is very useful in harvesting of crops. Proper storage is also very important in the proper distribution of food grains. Animal husbandry is also an essential part of our food production. RECAPTULATION

39. REVIEW 1. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CROP GIVEN BELOW ANSWER : RABI CROP 2.IDENTIFY THE IMAGE AND GIVE THE USES ANSWER: SEED DRILL SOWING OF SEEDS

40. 3.Name the images and differentiate between them?

41. ASSIGNMENT Make a chart of agricultural implements . Make a seed art of your choice.

42. IMPORTANT LINKS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUL-Fqb0sak https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggao6Hy6eRw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCqcKAHs0EU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0X1wg_mIyk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7Cj3OuFPr8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAJAhuQq18c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhOrIUlrnPo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRjDy2ZVw1o