Ch 5 diagnosing.pptx Change Management and Organizational Development

Ch 5 diagnosing.pptx Change Management and Organizational Development

1. Ch 5. The diagnostic process

2. Diagnosis What is Diagnosis? A systematic approach to understand present state of organization. Specifies nature of problem, causes, and provide basis for selecting strategies. Involves systematic analysis of data. Diagnosing Problem Areas: Identification of areas for improvement. Assess organization’s current performance and desired level of quality. Provides information that allows for faster reacting organization . Analyzes data on structure, administration, interaction, and other elements .

3. Diagnosis Michael Beer sees diagnosis as a method of analyzing organizational problems and learning new patterns of behavior. It can help organizations by doing the following : Enhancing the organization’s capacity to assess and change its culture Providing an opportunity for organizational members to acquire new insights Ensuring that the organization remains engaged in a process of continuous improvement

4. The critical issues in diagnosis include Simplicity. Keep the data as simple as possible and use simplicity in presentation . Visibility. Use visible measures of what’s happening. Involvement. Emphasize the participation and involvement of organization members in the diagnosis. Primary factors. Use an undistorted collection of primary operating variables in the diagnosis . Measure what is important. Pursue the straightforward assessment of the variables critical to success. Sense of urgency. During diagnosis, gain an overall sense of urgency for change .

5. The Performance Gap Performance gap —the difference between what the organization could do by virtue of its opportunity in its environment and what it actually does . In this method, data are collected on the actual state of the organization on a varying set of dimensions and also on the ideal or desired state Gap , or discrepancy, between the actual state and the ideal forms a basis for diagnosis and the design of interventions.

6. The Diagnostic Process Diagnosis is cyclical process involving : Data gathering Identification of problem areas Interpretation Potential action programs

7. Diagnostic process Tentative Problem Areas Identified Collect Data Analyze Data Data Feedback More Data Needed Now? Problem Areas Identified Client Target Motivated to Work on Problem No Change at Present Diagnosis. Work on Problem Causes. Result Is Change. Results Monitored 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. No Yes No Yes

8. Self-Assessment Gap Analysis of Four Key Areas 1. The organization’s strengths 2. What can be done to take advantage of the strengths 3. The organization’s weaknesses 4. What can be done to alleviate the weaknesses

9. 1. The data-collection process practitioner and the client attempt to determine the specific problem requiring solution . OD is a data-based change activity Data is an aggregation of all signs, signals, clues , facts, statistics, opinions, assumptions , and speculations, including items that are accurate and inaccurate, relevant and irrelevant. Information is data that have form and structure .

10. Definition of Objectives Selection of Factors Selection of data-gathering method. The Selection of Key Factors Identify the central variable involved in the situation. May be necessary to increase the range of depth of data beyond what is readily available . The Selection of data-gathering method Because there is no one best method, a variety of methods may be used. The nature of the problem helps to determine the method.

11. Types of methods Secondary sources Organizational and industry data already available Employee surveys or questionnaires (e.g. useful when large number of people are involved but the data may lack richness . Other types of instrument Sociogram is a visual method or recording and analyzing the choice of preferences within a group. Thematic apperception test (TAT), and collages Direct Observation Interviews

12. Sociogram Each member of group presented in a circle. Communication between individuals is represented by arrows indicating the direction of choice. Stars- the highly chosen individuals Isolates – those with few or no choices Mutual choice- certain individuals who choose one another . One-way choice – when three or more persons within a large group select one another ( mutual choices ).

13. Direct Observation Observing how people go about their task, norms, behaviors May use a sociogram to record observation. Interviews Is one of the most widely use methods of gathering data It is direct, personal and flexible Directed interview Open-ended questions Nondirected interview

14. The Implementation Process Decide from who the data will be obtained 􀂄 Select an appropriate techniques to gather data 􀂄 Implement data collection program. 􀂄 The analysis of the data 􀂄 Guidelines for evaluating the effectiveness of data collection 􀂄 Validity of the data 􀂄 The time to collect the data 􀂄 The cost of data collection 􀂄 The organization culture and norms 􀂄 The Hawthorne effect of data collecting

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18. The Diagnostic Process Diagnosis is cyclical process involving : 1. Data gathering 2. Identification 3. Interpretation