ch-7 qualitative research Content and the types of the study.ppt

• Qualitative research is a systematic, interactive, subjective, approach used to describe life experience and give them meaning where as quantitative research is a formal, objective systematic process to describe, test relationships and examine cause and effect interaction among variables.
• Qu...

• Qualitative research is a systematic, interactive, subjective, approach used to describe life experience and give them meaning where as quantitative research is a formal, objective systematic process to describe, test relationships and examine cause and effect interaction among variables.
• Qualitative approaches focus on “discovery and meaning of theory by describing” demonstrating a human science emphasis.
• Recently, nurse researchers come to appreciate the complexity of nursing phenomena, the value of exploring subjective experience of patients and nurses is being recognized. Currently nurse researcher are develop open to using qualitative approaches to develop subjective information while also remaining open using quantitative approach.
“A research method in which the investigator seeks to identify the qualitative (nonnumerical )aspects of the phenomenon under study from the participant’s viewpoint in order to interpreted the meaning of the totality of the phenomenon. Usually conducted in natural settings.”
 Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches
 Descriptive: When little is known about a group of people . an institution , or some social phenomenon , in –depth interviewing or participant observation are good ways to learn about them, e.g. how do mental people live?
 Illustrating the meaning of description or relationships : Suppose a researcher were studying stress and coping behavior among recently divorced women. In quantitative research, researcher can say that 80% of women experience distress and 20% make them busy in professional work. When in qualitative research there is analysis of stress like, I cannot foresee my future. What I am here for.etc.
 Hypothesis generation:
A researcher using qualitative technique often has no explicit a priory hypothesis. The collection of in-depth information about some phenomenon might, however lead to the formulation of hypothesis that could be tested more formally in subsequent research. For example, a researcher may be investigating through in-depth interviews the reason for discontinued use of oral contraceptive among teenage girls. Open ended discussion with a sample of girls might lead the researcher to hypothesize that girls whose boyfriend have complained about the pill’s side effects on the girls ( e.g. weight gain, moodiness, head ache)are more likely to stop using pills than girls whose boyfriends have not made such complaints.
 Understanding relationship and casual process
Quantitative methods often demonstrate that variables are systematically related to one another, but they often fail to provide insight about why the variable are related. For example suppose we found that special care unit nurses had higher self esteem than other nurses.
 Theory development: