4. Big Data Explosion - Large-scale data from internet, sensors, etc. - DL models perform better with more data
5. Advances in Computational Power - GPUs made deep model training faster and scalable - DL now feasible on large datasets
6. End-to-End Learning - ML = feature extraction + model - DL = direct from input to output (single pipeline)
Traditional ML vs Deep Learning Traditional ML | Deep Learning Manual features | Learns features N eeds preprocessing | Raw data friendly Struggles on big data | Scales with big data Shallow models | Deep architectures S lower training | GPU-accelerated