CHANGING BEHAVIOR THROUGH OPERANTCONDITIONING.pptx

Human Behavior

1. CHANGING BEHAVIOR THROUGH OPERANTCONDITIONING

2. OPERANT CONDITIONING B.F SKINNER is referred to as the FATHER OF OPERANT CONDITIONING . " OPERANT CONDITIONING is a type of learning in which behavior is modified by its consequences” In Operant Conditioning , the results of your past behaviors have conditioned you to either repeat or avoid those behaviors. For EXAMPLE: Your parents reward you for getting an 'A' on a test that requires you to study hard.

3. TERMS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING There are two terms of operant conditioning. 1) REINFORCEMENT 2) PUNISHMENT REINFORCEMENT: Reinforcement is any event that increases the behavior. In this type of operant conditioning, the behavior is strengthened. PUNISHMENT: Type of operant conditioning which decreases the behavior. It reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in future. In this term, the behavior is weakened.

4. HOW POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT INFLUENCE THE BEHAVIOR? 1) POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT: Add or increase a pleasant stimulus. EXAMPLE: Giving a student a prize after he gets an "A" on a test. 2) NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT: Reduce or remove an unpleasant stimulus. EXAMPLE: Taking painkillers that eliminate pain, increases the likelihood that you will take painkillers again.

5. HOW POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR? 1)POSITIVE PUNISHMENT: Add or increase an unpleasant stimulus. EXAMPLE: Giving a student extra homework after he misbehaves in class. 2) NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT: Reduce or remove a pleasant stimulus. EXAMPLE: When a child misbehaves, a parent can take away a favorite toy.

6. REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES There are four types of reinforcement schedules: 1) Fixed Ratio: Behavior is reinforced after a specific no. of responses. EXAMPLE: A child being given candy for every 3-10 pages of a book they read. For example, they are given candy after reading 5 pages, then 3 pages, then 7 pages, then 8 pages, etc. 2) Variable Ratio: Behavior is reinforced after an average but unpredictable, no. of response. EXAMPLE: Payoffs from slot machines and other games of chance.

7. REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES: 3) Fixed interval: Behavior is reinforced for the 1st response after a specific amount of time has passed. EXAMPLE: People who earn a monthly salary. 4) Variable interval: Behavior is reinforced for the 1st response after an average, but unpredictable, amount of time has passed. Example: Person who checks voice mail for messages.

8. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION THAT YOU HAVE NOT GIVEN.