Chapter 06 General Anatomy And Physiology

1. Milady’s
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Cosmetology
Cosmetology:
General
Anatomy and
Physiology

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Instructor Support Slides
COSMETOLOGY
“Remember, you can earn more
money, but when time is spent, it
is gone forever”
Zig Ziglar

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COSMETOLOGY
Objectives
•Explain the importance of anatomy and physiology
to the cosmetology profession
•Describe cells, their structure, and their
reproduction
•Define tissue and identify the types of tissues
found in the body
•Name the 10 main body systems and explain their
basic functions

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COSMETOLOGY
Anatomy
Defined: The study of the structures of the
human body that can be seen with the
naked eye and what it is made of; the
science of the structure of organisms or of
their parts

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COSMETOLOGY
Physiology
Defined: The study of the functions and
activities performed by the body’s structures

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COSMETOLOGY
Histology
Defined: The study of the science of the
minute structures of organic tissues;
microscopic anatomy

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COSMETOLOGY
Cells
•Composition
•Nucleus
•Cytoplasm
•Centrosome
•Cell membrane

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COSMETOLOGY
•Cell reproduction and division
–Adequate food supply
–Adequate oxygen supply
–Adequate water supply
–Waste elimination
–Proper temperature
Cells

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COSMETOLOGY
•Cell metabolism
–Anabolism
–Catabolism
Cells

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COSMETOLOGY
Tissues
•Connective tissue
•Epithelial tissue
•Liquid tissue
•Muscular tissue
•Nerve tissue

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COSMETOLOGY
Organs
•Brain
•Eyes
•Heart
•Kidneys
•Lungs
•Liver
•Skin
•Stomach/intestines

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COSMETOLOGY

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COSMETOLOGY
Systems
•Circulatory
•Digestive
•Endocrine
•Excretory
•Integumentary

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COSMETOLOGY
•Muscular
•Nervous
•Reproductive
•Respiratory
•Skeletal
Systems

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COSMETOLOGY

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COSMETOLOGY
Skeletal System
•Bone composition
•Osteology
•Primary function
•Joints
•Parts of skull

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COSMETOLOGY
•Bones of cranium
•Bones of face
Skeletal System

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COSMETOLOGY
• Bones of neck
• Bones of trunk/torso
Skeletal System

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COSMETOLOGY
•Bones of arm and
hand
Skeletal System

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COSMETOLOGY
•Bones of the leg and foot
Skeletal System

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscular System
Myology: The study of the structure,
function, and diseases of the muscles.
Human body has over 600 muscles
responsible for 40% of body’s weight;
fibrous tissues with the ability to stretch and
contract

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscular Tissue
•Striated muscles
•Nonstriated muscles
•Cardiac muscles

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscle Parts
•Origin
•Insertion
•Belly

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COSMETOLOGY
Stimulation of Muscles
•Massage
•Electric current
•Light rays
•Heat rays
•Moist heat
•Nerve impulses
•Chemicals

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COSMETOLOGY
Scalp Muscles
•Epicranius or
occipito-frontalis
–Occipitalis
–Frontalis
–Epicranial
Aponeurosis

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Ear
•Auricularis superior
•Auricularis anterior
•Auricularis posterior

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscles of Mastication
•Masseter
•Temporalis

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COSMETOLOGY
Neck Muscles
•Platysma
•Sternocleidomastoideus

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COSMETOLOGY
Eyebrow Muscles
•Orbicularis oculi
•Corrugator

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Nose
•Procerus
•Other nasal muscles

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Mouth
•Buccinator
•Depressor labii inferioris
•Levator anguli oris
•Levator labii superioris
•Mentalis

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COSMETOLOGY
•Orbicularis oris
•Risorius
•Triangularis
•Zygomaticus major and minor
Muscles of the Mouth

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscles – Arms to Body
•Latissimus dorsi
•Pectoralis major and minor
•Serratus anterior
•Trapezius

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COSMETOLOGY
Shoulder and Arm Muscles
•Deltoid
•Biceps
•Triceps
•Pronator
•Supinator
•Flexors
•Extensors

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Hand
•Abductor
•Adductor

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COSMETOLOGY
Muscles of the Lower Leg
and Foot
•Extensor digitorum longus
•Tibialis anterior
•Peroneus longus
•Peroneus brevis
•Gastrocnemius
•Soleus

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COSMETOLOGY
Nervous System
Neurology defined: The scientific study of
the structure, function, and pathology of the
nervous system

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COSMETOLOGY
Divisions of the Nervous System
•Cerebrospinal system
•Peripheral nervous system
•Autonomic nervous system

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COSMETOLOGY
The Brain and Spinal Cord
•Brain is largest mass of body tissue
•Average weight is 44 – 48 ounces
•Twelve pairs of cranial nerves originate in the
brain
•Spinal cord originates in brain
•Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves extend from
the spinal cord

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COSMETOLOGY
Nerve Cell Structure and Function
•Neuron or nerve Cell
•Dendrites
•Axon and axon terminal
•Nerves

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COSMETOLOGY
Types of Nerves
•Sensory
•Motor
•Mixed
•Reflex

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COSMETOLOGY
Nerves of Head, Face, and Neck
•5
th
cranial, trifacial, trigeminal

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COSMETOLOGY
Nerves of Head, Face,
and Neck
•7
th
cranial
•Cervical

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COSMETOLOGY
Nerves of Arm and Hand
•Ulnar
•Radial
•Median
•Digital

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COSMETOLOGY
Nerves of the Lower Leg and Foot
•Tibial
•Common peroneal
•Deep peroneal
•Superficial peroneal
•Saphenous
•Sural
•Dorsal

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COSMETOLOGY
Circulatory System
•Blood-vascular system
•Lymph-vascular system
•Heart
–Pericardium
–Resting Heart Rate

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COSMETOLOGY
Heart Chambers and Valves
•Right and left atrium
•Right and left ventricle
•Valves
•Atria

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COSMETOLOGY
Blood Circulation
•Pulmonary circulation
•Systemic or general circulation

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COSMETOLOGY
Blood Vessels
•Arteries
•Capillaries
•Veins

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COSMETOLOGY
The Blood
•Sticky, salty fluid
•Temperature of 98.6 degrees F
•1/20
th
of body weight
•8 – 10 pints in adults
•Bright red in arteries
•Dark red in veins (except pulmonary)

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COSMETOLOGY
Blood Composition
•Red corpuscles
•White corpuscles
•Blood platelets
•Plasma

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COSMETOLOGY
Blood Functions
•Carries water, oxygen, food, secretions to
cells
•Carries away carbon dioxide and waste
•Helps equalize body temperature
•Clotting

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COSMETOLOGY
Lymph-Vascular Functions
•Nourishment
•Defense
•Remove waste
•Fluid environment

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COSMETOLOGY
Arteries of Head, Face, Neck
•Common carotid
•Internal division
•External division
–Superficial temporal artery
–Occipital artery
–Posterior auricular artery

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COSMETOLOGY
Facial Artery
•Submental artery
•Inferior labial artery
•Angular artery
•Superior labial artery

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COSMETOLOGY
Superficial Temporal Artery
•Frontal artery
•Parietal artery
•Transverse facial artery
•Middle temporal artery
•Anterior auricular artery

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COSMETOLOGY
External/Internal
Carotid Artery Branches
•Occipital artery
•Posterior auricular artery
•Supraorbital artery
•Infraorbital artery

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COSMETOLOGY
Veins of Head, Face, and Neck
•Internal jugular
•External jugular

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COSMETOLOGY
Blood Supply for Arm and Hand
•Ulnar arteries
•Radial arteries

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COSMETOLOGY
Blood Supply for Foot and Leg
•Popliteal artery
•Anterior tibial
•Dorsalis pedis

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COSMETOLOGY
Endocrine System
•Exocrine or duct glands
•Endocrine or ductless glands

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COSMETOLOGY
Digestive System
•Digestion
•Digestive enzymes

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COSMETOLOGY
Excretory System
•Kidneys
•Liver
•Skin
•Large intestine
•Lungs

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COSMETOLOGY
Respiratory System
•Diaphragm
•Lungs

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COSMETOLOGY
Integumentary System
•The skin
•Various accessory organs
–Oil glands
–Sweat glands
–Sensory receptors
–Hair
–Nails

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COSMETOLOGY
Summary and Review
•Define anatomy, physiology, and
histology

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COSMETOLOGY
Summary and Review
•Why is the study of anatomy, physiology,
and histology important to the
cosmetologist?

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COSMETOLOGY
Summary and Review
•Name and describe the basic structure of
a cell
•Explain cell metabolism and its purpose

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COSMETOLOGY
•List and describe the functions of the five types
of tissue found in the human body.
•What are organs?
•List and describe the functions of the main
organs found in the body
Summary and Review

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COSMETOLOGY
•Name the 10 body systems and their main
functions
Summary and Review

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COSMETOLOGY
•List the primary functions of bones
•Name and describe the three types of muscular
tissue found in the body
Summary and Review

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COSMETOLOGY
•Name and describe the three types of nerves
found in the body
•Name and briefly describe the three types of
blood vessels found in the body
Summary and Review

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COSMETOLOGY
•List and describe the components of blood
•Name and discuss the two types of glands
found in the human body
•List the organs of the excretory system and
their function
Summary and Review

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COSMETOLOGY
Congratulations!
You’ve just completed
one unit of study toward
program completion!