CHAPTER 1 B THE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZAL'S TIME.pptx

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1. The Philippines of rizal’s time

2. During the times of Rizal the sinister shadow of Spain’s darkened Philippines skies. The Filipino people agonized beneath the yoke of Spanish misrule, for they were unfortunate victims of the evils of unjust, bigoted, and deteriorating colonial power.  

3. Instability of colonial administration The instability of Spanish politics since the turbulent reign of king Ferdinand VII ( 1808) marked the beginning of political chaos in Spain. The Spanish government underwent frequent changes owing to bitter struggles between the forces of despotism and liberalism and the explosion of the Calist Wars. From 1834 to 1862, Spain had adopted Four constitutions, elected 28 parliaments, and installed no less than 529 minister with portfolios; followed in subsequent years by party strifes , revolution, and other political upheavals.

4. Corrupt colonial officials With few exemptions, the colonial officials sent by Spain to the Philippines in the 19 th century were a far cry from their able and dictated predecessors of the 16 th , 17 th and 18 th centuries. They were either highly corrupt, incompetent, cruel, or vernal. Apparently, they symbolized the decadent Spain of the 19 th century.

5. Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873) A boastful and ruthless governor general who ordered the execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, the “Martyrs of 1872”.

6. Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-77) Was a good Moro fighter, but was an inept and weak administrator.

7. Gen. Fernando Primo De Rivera Governor G eneral for two terms ( 1880-83 and 1897-98) enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously permitted to operate.

8. Gen. Valeriano Weyler (1888-91) A corrupt and cruel governor general of Hispanic-German ancestry, arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain a millionaire.

9. Gen. Camilo De Polavieja (1896-97) An able militarist but heartless governor general, was able to detested by the Filipino people for executing Dr. Rizal.

10. Philippine representation in Spanish cortes To win the support of her overseas colonies during the Napoleonic invasion. Spanish granted their representation in the Cortes (Spanish parliament) Accordingly, the Philippines experienced her first period of representation in the Cortes From 1810 to 1813. Ventura de los Reyes- the first Philippine delegate who took active part in the framing of the Constitution1812. - Another achievements was the abolition of the Galleon Trade.

11. No Equality Before the Law Spaniards arrogantly regarded the browned skinned F ilipinos as inferior beings. Spanish penal code, which was enforced in the P hilippines , particularly imposed heavier penalties on native F ilipinos or M istizos and lighter penalties on white- complexioned S paniards .

12. Human Rights Denied To Filipinos Since the adoption of S panish constitution of 1812 and other constitutions in succeeding years, the people of S pain enjoyed the freedom speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association, and other human rights except the (freedom of religion). The S panish authorities who cherish these human rights in S pain denied it to F ilipinos in A sia.

13. Maladministration of Justice The courts of justice in the P hilippines during R izal's time were notoriously corrupt. Justice was costly, partial and slow. Wealth, social prestige and color of skin were preponderant factors on winning a case in court. The judicial procedure was slow and clumsy that it was easy to have justice delayed.

14. Racial Discrimination Filipinos as inferior beings who were infinitely underserving the rights and privileges that the Spaniards enjoyed. Spaniards called the browned skinned and flat nose Filipinos " indios " ( indians ), in retaliation the Filipinos dubbed their pale complexioned detractors with the disaparaging term " bangus " ( milkfish).

15. Frailocracy The friars ( A ugustinians, D ominicans and F ranciscans) controlled the religious and educational life of the Philippines, and later in the 19th century they came to acquire tremendous political power, influenced and riches. Almost every town in archipelago, except the Islamic M indanao and S ulu and in pagan hinterlands, was ruled by a friar curate.

16. Forced Labor Compulsory labor imposed by spanish colonial authorities on adult filipino males in the construction of churches, schools, hospitals, buildings and repair of roads and bridges, building of ships and other public works.

17. Haciendas owned by friars During R izal’s times the S panish friars belonging to different religious orders were the riches land lords, for they owned the best haciendas in the P hilippines.

18. Guardia civil Had rendered meritorious services in suppressing the bandits in the provinces, they later became infamous for their rampant abuses, such as maltreating innocent people, looting their c arabaos , chicken, and valuable belongings and raping women. Rizal himself witnessed the discrimination of how the G uardia civil treated the F ilipinos.