Chapter 1 Database Fundamentals Slides Powerpoint

Fundamentals Of Database

1. Afghanistan International Online Academy Computer Science Faculty CS Department Database Fundamentals Instructor: Ahmad Fawad Azizi

2. Chapter 1: Database Concept 'Database Fundamentals ' (Afghanistan International Online Academy ) Prepared by Ahmad Fawad Azizi

3. Learning Objectives - Define what a Database is - Explain why databases are used - Describe Database Systems and DBMS - Compare Database Management Systems (DBMS) and File Management Systems (FMS) - Identify components and users of a database system

4. Introduction to Databases A database is an organized collection of related data stored and accessed electronically. It allows users to store, retrieve, and manage data efficiently. In early computing, data was stored in simple files, but as systems grew, databases became essential.

5. History of Databases - 1960s: Database concept introduced to manage large data volumes. - 1970: E.F. Codd proposed the Relational Model. - 1980s: Relational Database Systems became dominant. - 1990s: Object-oriented and distributed databases appeared. - 2000s+: XML, NoSQL, and cloud-based databases emerged.

6. Definition of Database Database (DB): A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways. Example: A Student table with Name, Address, and Phone columns.

7. Why Use Databases? - To organize large amounts of data. - To allow multiple users to access data simultaneously. - To maintain data integrity and consistency. - To support complex queries and reporting. - To reduce redundancy compared to file-based systems.

8. Steps in Building a Database 1. Requirement Analysis 2. Logical Design 3. Physical Design 4. Implementation 5. Maintenance & Modification

9. Database System Components A Database System consists of: - Data: Raw facts stored in the database. - Hardware: Physical devices where data is stored. - Software: DBMS and supporting applications. - Users: Administrators, developers, and end-users.

10. Types of Database Users - Application Programmers: Write software using databases. - End Users: Access data through applications. - Database Administrators (DBA): Manage and control database systems.

11. Database Management System (DBMS) DBMS is software that allows users to define, create, maintain, and control access to the database. Examples: MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, MS Access.

12. Functions of DBMS - Data Definition - Data Storage and Retrieval - Data Update - Transaction Management - Concurrency and Security Control - Backup and Recovery

13. DBMS Architecture The DBMS acts as a bridge between the database and users/applications. It ensures data consistency, security, and concurrent access. It also provides query processing via SQL.

14. Comparison: File Management vs. Database Management File Management System (FMS): - Stores data in separate files. - No relationships between files. - Hard to manage and update. Database Management System (DBMS): - Stores data in related tables. - Supports relationships and queries. - Easier to maintain and secure.

15. Advantages of DBMS over FMS - Data Integrity - Data Sharing and Security - Reduced Redundancy - Easier Backup and Recovery - Support for Multi-user Environments

16. Disadvantages of DBMS - Higher Cost - Complexity of Learning - Requires Trained Personnel - Slower for Small Applications

17. Summary • Databases are essential for modern computing. • DBMS simplifies data management, improves accuracy and security. • Understanding database concepts is fundamental for software engineers and IT professionals.