Chapter 1. Introduction of Chemistry.pptx

Introduction Chemistry Level X

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OF CHEMISTRY SMA ABBS Surakarta X GRADE

2. Understand the nature of chemistry, scientific methods and occupational safety in the laboratory Apply chemical concepts in everyday life that support development Sustainable Development Goals Apply chemical concepts in the utilization of waste and natural materials as one of the solutions to environmental pollution LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3. CHEMISTRY AND ITS ROLE THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD 01 02 CHAPTER OUTLINE Why is Chemistry Laboratory Important? GREEN CHEMISTRY 03 04

4. COMPOUND senyawa ELEMENT unsur MATTER materi MIXTURE campuran EQUIPMENT peralatan PROPERTIES sifat GLOSSARY PURE murni STATE bentuk SUBSTANCE zat

5. CHEMISTRY AND ITS ROLE 01

6. “ Chemistry is a discipline of science concerned with the study of matter, including its structure, composition, and changes that occur when it is exposed to various situations. As a result, chemistry not only investigates the qualities of matter, but also how and why it changes.”

7. Importance of Chemistry in Food Chemical molecules make up all food, including carbs, vitamins, lipids, proteins, and fibre, which are all safe and often desirable. Chemicals have an important part in the manufacturing and preservation of food. Food preservation chemicals have tremendously aided in the preservation of food for a longer duration. Cans of food additives, flavourings, and nutritional supplements can all contribute to improving the quality and quantity of meals.

8. Importance of Chemistry in Medicines Medicines or pharmaceuticals is chemical substances that are used to treat diseases and relieve pain. Chemistry has made significant contributions to health care. Chemistry, for example, aids in the manufacture and application of surgical materials (sutures, artificial skin, and sterile materials). Some important drugs in chemistry are Analgesics, Tranquilizers, Antiseptics, Antibiotics, and Disinfectants.

9. Importance of Chemistry in Building and Constructions Chemical items such as bricks, cement, pipelines, and other building materials all play an essential part in the quality of construction. Floor and wall tiles are constructed of heat resistant polymers that also add strength to the structure. Ceiling and roof materials are also designed to be heat-resistant and give cooling to the structure. All of the pipes and switches are composed of polymers, which are both heat and stress-resistant

10. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD 02

11. The scientific method is critical to the development of scientific theories. It explains empirical (experiential) laws in a scientifically rational manner. In a typical application of the scientific method, a researcher develops a hypothesis, tests it through various means, and then modifies the hypothesis on the basis of the outcome of the tests and experiments.

12. REVIEW OF CONCEPT : MINAMATA DISEASE Based on the text, please discuss with your friend to solve the following question! Identify what steps are contained in the scientific method from the text above. Give your opinion regarding the case.

13. WHY IS CHEMISTRY LABORATORY IMPORTANT? 03

14. Why is Chemistry Laboratory Important? Lab work is an integral part of the chemistry experience. It allows students to explore chemical concepts, view changes in matter, and acquire scientific skills in an atmosphere that mimics a professional scientific environment. The laboratory should be arranged so that instruction and lab skills can be practiced safely and effectively. All laboratories must be equipped with the essential safety equipment.

15. SAFETY RULES Always listen carefully to all instructions given by your chemistry teacher or lab technician before any experiment. 01 Learn all the safety rules necessary for your experiment. 02 Always wear a lab jacket (apron) and safety goggles (glasses). 03 04 05 06 Read all necessary information about the experiments Wear gloves when using heat, chemicals, and glassware in experiments Do not throw any chemicals Do not touch chemicals with your fingers 07 08 Do not eat, drink, smell, or taste any chemical

16. LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

17. Laboratory Equipment Laboratory equipment refers to the many devices of equipment used in a laboratory to carry out specific tasks. These tools are meant for use by scientists, students, professors, and medical professionals. Some scientific lab equipment is used for weighing materials, mixing and creating solutions, and cleaning containers.

18. HAZARD WARNING SYMBOLS

19. GREEN CHEMISTRY 04

20. GREEN CHEMISTRY Green chemistry is the design of chemical processes and products to use less energy, produce fewer hazardous materials, and use renewable resources.

21. Perchloroethylene (perc) is the solvent most commonly used in dry cleaning clothes. Perc (Cl 2 C = CCl 2 ) is suspected to be carcinogenic and it contaminates groundwater at its disposal. A new technology known as micell technology is developed by Joseph De Simons, Timothy Remark, and James Mc clain in which liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) can be used as a safer solvent along with a surfactant to dry clean clothes. Conventionally during the manufacturing of good quality white paper, lignin from wood used for it, is removed by placing small pieces of the wood into a bath of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulphide (Na 2 S) followed by its reaction with chlorine. These compounds being carcinogens, cause health problems. Terrence Collins of Carnegie Mellon University developed a green bleaching agent which involves the use of H 2 O 2 as a bleaching agent in the presence of some activators such as TAML which catalysis the fast conversion of H 2 O 2 into hydroxyl radicals that cause bleaching. The Principles of Green Chemistry in Industry and at Home

22. The Principles of Green Chemistry in Industry and at Home 03 04 05 06

23. HOW GREEN CHEMISTRY DIFFERS FROM CLEANING UP

24. HOW GREEN CHEMISTRY DIFFERS FROM CLEANING UP Green chemistry reduces pollution at its source by minimizing or eliminating the hazards of chemical feedstocks, reagents, solvents, and products. This is unlike cleaning up pollution (also called remediation), which involves treating waste streams (end-of-the-pipe treatment) or clean-up of environmental spills and other releases.

25. THE BENEFIT OF GREEN CHEMISTRY Human Health Environment Economy and Business Cleaner air Green chemicals either degrade to innocuous products or are recovered for further use Higher yields for chemical reactions, consuming smaller amounts of feedstock to obtain the same amount of product Cleaner water Increased safety for workers in the chemical industry Plants and animals suffer less harm from toxic chemicals in the environment Fewer synthetic steps, often allowing faster manufacturing of products, increasing plant capacity, and saving energy and water Safer consumer products of all types Lower potential for global warming, ozone depletion, and smog formation Safer food Less chemical disruption of ecosystems Reduced waste, eliminating costly remediation, hazardous waste disposal Less exposure to such toxic chemicals Less use of landfills, especially hazardous waste landfills

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