Chapter 12 ~ Work and Energy Transformation of energy ~ Nitin Agarwal

This Presentation is based on Transforrmation of Energy. In this presentation I shown the chapter Energy of Science Text book

1. Birla School, Pilani Submitted By – Nitin Agarwal , Roll no. 18 Class – IX th F Subject – Science Topic – “Transformation of Energy”

2. TYPES OF ENERGY Mechanical Electromagnetic Electrical Chemical Thermal Nuclear

3. What is Mechanical Energy? Energy due to a object’s motion (kinetic) or position (potential). The bowling ball has mechanical energy. When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred to the pins! Example

4. What is Electromagnetic Energy? Light energy Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands Example

5. What is Electrical Energy? Energy caused by the movement of electrons Easily transported through power lines and converted into other forms of energy Example

6. What is Chemical Energy? Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions. The chemical bonds in a matchstick store energy that is transformed into thermal energy when the match is struck. Example

7. What is Thermal Energy? Heat energy The heat energy of an object determines how active its atoms are. A hot object is one whose atoms and molecules are excited and show rapid movement. A cooler object's molecules and atoms will show less movement. Example

8. Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. Nuclear energy is unusual in that it can give off energy in the form of light or heat, but it is the change in the atom's makeup that produces the energy. Submarines, power plants, and smoke detectors all use nuclear energy. Nuclear power plants use uranium, a radioactive element, to create electricity. Forms of Energy What is Nuclear Energy?

9. There are two forms of energy: potential and kinetic energy. Potential energy is the energy an object has relative to the position of another object. For example, if you are at the top of a hill, you have more potential energy than if you are at the bottom of the hill. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has when it is in motion. Kinetic energy can be due to vibration, rotation, or translation (movement from one place to another). The kinetic energy of any object can easily be determined with an equation using the mass and velocity of that object. [4] Calculation of Energy

10. Part 1 Understanding Kinetic Energy 1 Know the formula for calculating kinetic energy. The formula for calculating kinetic energy (KE) is  KE = 0.5 x mv 2 . Here  m  stands for mass, the measure of how much matter is in an object, and  v  stands for velocity of the object, or the rate at which the object changes its position. [5] Your answer should always be stated in joules (J), which is the standard unit of measurement for kinetic energy. It is equivalent to 1 kg * m 2 /s 2 . 2 Determine the mass of an object. If you are solving a problem where the mass isn’t given, you will have to determine the mass yourself. This can be done by weighing the object on a balance and obtaining the mass in kilograms (kg). Tare the balance. Before you weigh your object, you must set it to zero. Zeroing out the scale is called taring. Place your object on the balance. Gently, place the object on the balance and record its mass in kilograms. If necessary, convert grams to kilograms. For the final calculation, the mass must be in kilograms.

11. 3 Calculate the velocity of the object. Oftentimes, the problem will give you the velocity of the object. If this is not the case, you can determine the velocity by using the distance an object travels and how long it takes to cover that distance. The units for velocity are meters per second (m/s). Velocity is defined by the equation, displacement divided by time:  V = d/t . Velocity is a vector quantity, meaning it has both a magnitude and a direction. Magnitude is the number value that quantifies the speed, while direction is the direction in which the speed takes place during motion. For example, an object’s velocity can be 80 m/s or -80 m/s depending on the direction of travel. To calculate velocity, simply divide the distance the object traveled by the time it took to travel that distance.

12. Use of energy at different works When we talk about energy saving, most of you remember being care free children at home and the adults being in a constant need to urge you to switch off the lights or the television or the washing machine. Now that you are an adult, you understand why it was important to actually do things such as switching off the lights when you leave a room. General uses of energy are divided into three economic sectors; they are: Residential uses of energy When we talk about residential uses of energy, these are the most basic uses of energy. They include watching television, washing clothes, heating and lighting the home, taking a shower, working from home on your laptop or computer, flushing the toilet and cooking. Residential uses of energy account for almost forty percent of total energy use globally. Wastage In this category of use is also the highest globally. This can be attributed to the lack of education offered to the public on how to conserve the energy they use daily, or to the lack of inventions available in the market. Most people are ignorant to the fact that there are avenues or companies and innovations available that can help them monitor and reduce the amount of energy they use. Commercial uses of energy Commercial use of energy is what energy is used for in the commercial sector. This includes lighting of commercial buildings and spaces, power used by companies and business throughout our cities for computers, fax machines, workstations, copiers just to name but a few.

13. Mechanical and Thermal Energy Electrical, Mechanical and Electromagnetic Energy Examples

14. Chemical Energy Thermal Energy

15. Energy Transfer Chemical Electrical Electrical Electrical Sound (mechanical) Light (Electromagnetic) Thermal Mechanical

16. Conclusion Energy neither be created nor be destroyed, it can be transformed from one from to another.

17. Thank You By:- Nitin Agarwal