Chapter 2(answer)2

1. SYSTEM CONCEPTS
LESSON 27
SOFTWARE
USER
Hardware

2. Computer hardware
ii.Input devices : any electronic device
connected to a computer and produces
input signals.
(Eg: keyboard , joystick, light pen, mouse,
video camera, scanner, webcam, bar code
reader, CCTV. )
ii. Processor: - Brain of computer.
Eg: CPU (central processing unit/
processor/ microprocessor)

3. iii. Output devices: shows people the
process data information
(Eg: printer, plotter, speaker, monitor,
LCD projector, woofer, headphone)
iv. Storage devices:- help users to store
programs and data to be used at a later
time.
(Eg: Floppy disk, diskette, CD-ROM, DVD
ROM, flash memory card, pen drive,
hard disk, floppy disk.)

4. Computer system
Computer
Software
User
Computer
Hardware
Processor
Input
devices
Storage
Devices
Output
Devices
Application
software
System
software
Examples:
-BIOS program
-Operating system
- Utility program
-Programming languages
Examples:
-Word processing
-Spreadsheets
-Databases
-Accounting
-Games
-Internet explorer
-Desktop publishing

5. Input Output PROCESSOR
The information processing cycle
LESSON 29
Storage

6. Machine Cycle
Processor
Fetching
Storing
Executing
Decoding

7. Data representation Data measurement Clock speed
measurement
Binary digit
1= on , true , yes
0 = off, false, no
Kilobyte (KB )
1 KB = 2 10 bytes
1 hertz = 1 cycle
1 second
Bit
(smallest unit of data )
Megabyte (MB)
1 MB = 2 20 bytes
1 MHZ = 1,000,000 cycle
1 second
Byte
1 byte =8 bits
Eg: 3, a, Z
Gigabyte (GB)
1 MB = 2 30 bytes
1 GHZ = 1,000,000,000 cycle
1 second
1 GHZ= 1000 MHZ
Character
1 byte= one character
Eg: 01000110 = F
Terabyte (MB)
1 GB = 2 40 bytes

8. Morse code (1791-1872)
History of character codes
Telegraph (1845-1903)
Hollenrith Code (1850-1929)
ASCII (1963)

9. ASCII
DEFINITION :
-ASCII pronouced as “ask key” stands for the American standard Code For
Information Interchange.
-Proposed by ASA (American standard Association)
- Examples: 0011000, 00110001
Functions of ASCII
- Established to achieve compatibility between various type of data
processing equipment making it possible for the components to
communicate with each other successfully.
- enables manufactures to produce components that are assured to operate
Correctly in a computer.
- make it possible for human to interact with a computer.

10. Devices Input /
output
Text Graphic Audio /
sound
Video Pointing
Keyboard Input /
Virtual keyboard
Bar code reader
Scanner
Digital camera
Microphone
CCTV camera
Webcam
Digital video
camera
Mouse
Trackball
Graphics tablet
Touch screen
Monitor
Printer
LCD projector
Speaker
Facsimile
machine
Headphone
Woofer
Exercice 1: Tick the column with correct answers

11. Motherboard

12. Components of motherboard 1

13. Components of motherboard 2

14. -CPU (Central processing unit/ processor/ microprocessor)
-CPU is a brain of computer.
-Integrated circuit chip that is capable of processing electronic signals.
LESSON 29, 37,39
What is CPU?
• It utilizes the computer memory to execute instructions
from application software and accomplish a task.
• Eg: editing a letter, drawing a picture, sorting numbers
• intepreted
What the functions of the CPU?
What the 2 subcomponents of the CPU?
• Control unit (CU)
• Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

15. How data is processed by the CPU
When a user starts a program, its instruction are
transferred from storage device to the memory.
The users enters the data needed by the program.
The control unit the interpret and executes
instructions in the memory. The Arithmetic Logic
unit the performs calculation on the data in the
memory. As a result, information is then stored in
the memory. Information can then be sent to an
output device or a storage device.

16. What is Computer Storage?
• information are stored in the computer storage so that it can
Be retrieved whenever they are needed later on.
What the functions of the Computer Storage?
2.To help users store programs and data to be
used at a later time.
2. Stores instructions from a computer program.
Two types of the computer storage?
1. Primary storage
2. Secondary storage
LESSON 40

17. Computer storage
Primary secondary Primary secondary Secondary Secondary
storage storage
Installed internally Installed internally Installed Installed
externallyexternally
Store, read, written Store, read, written
or retrieve data or retrieve data
Alternative Alternative
storage storage
RAM –volatile RAM –volatile
ROM – non –volatile ROM – non –volatile
Non-volatile Non-volatile
permanentlypermanently
Volatile – the content is lost when a computer’s power is turned off
LESSON 40,
42

18. RAMRAM ROMROM
Data & Data &
programprogram
Stores during Stores during
or after or after
processing processing
Stored by Stored by
manufacturermanufacturer
Content Content Store Store
information information
temporarilytemporarily
Stores Stores
instructions instructions
permanently permanently
Processing Processing
time time
Fast, but uses Fast, but uses
a lot of power a lot of power
Fast, uses little Fast, uses little
power power
Volatility Volatility Volatile Volatile Non-volatile Non-volatile
Differences between RAM and ROM
LESSON 41

19. System software Application software
Operating system Utility program
Eg: Operating
System

1. Linux
2. Mac os x
3. Unix
4 Windows XP
Eg: Utility
Program
1. Antivirus
2. File manager
3. Diagnostic utility
4 screen saver
Eg: Application
Software
1. Word processing
2. spreadsheet
3. Database
4 Presentation
LESSON 43,44
,48

20. System software VS Application software
LESSON 43
System softwareSystem softwareApplication softwareApplication software
Usage Usage Enables the computer to Enables the computer to
function properlyfunction properly
Enables users to work Enables users to work
efficiently with efficiently with
documentation such as documentation such as
letters.letters.
Need Need CompulsoryCompulsory Optional Optional
No. of No. of
softwaresoftware
Each computer only Each computer only
needs one system needs one system
software software
Each computer have more Each computer have more
than one software than one software
DependencyDependency Independent Independent Dependent Dependent
Function Function Provides the environment Provides the environment
in which the application in which the application
run run
Enable users to accomplish Enable users to accomplish
specific tasks.specific tasks.

21. Differences between operating system and utility program
LESSON 44
Operating system Operating system Utility program Utility program
Contain instructions that Contain instructions that
coordinate all the activities coordinate all the activities
among computer hardware among computer hardware
resources.resources.
Perform maintenance type task, Perform maintenance type task,
usually related to managing a usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its program computer, its devices or its program
Computer cannot be used or Computer cannot be used or
started without an operating started without an operating
systemsystem
Helps managing a computer easier, Helps managing a computer easier,
computers can still be used or computers can still be used or
started without it. started without it.
Linux, Mac OSX, Unix, Windows Linux, Mac OSX, Unix, Windows
XPXP
Antivirus, anti-spyware, screen Antivirus, anti-spyware, screen
saver, firewall, file manager.…saver, firewall, file manager.…

22. LESSON 45
1. Define the operating system?
Is a set of program that schedule task, allocates storage and
Presents a default interface to the user between applications.
2. State the functions of the operating system?
a) Starting a computer
b) Providing a user interface
c) Managing data and program, memory
d) Configuring devices
3. State 3 different user interfaces of operating system.
a) Command line
b) menu-driven
c) GUI

23. Give the correct operating system for this platforms
Platforms Platforms Operating system Operating system
PC platform PC platform Disk operating system Disk operating system
(DOS), windows xp(DOS), windows xp
Apple platformApple platform Mac OS, MAC OS X Mac OS, MAC OS X
Cross-platform Cross-platform Unix, Linux Unix, Linux
LESSON 44,45, 54

24. Utility program…… Exercises
1.Define the utility program?
Known as service program, perform maintenance type task
Related to the managing of a computer, its devices, or its program.

25. The tasks/ usages of the application software:
1.Word processing
- Enables users to create, edit, format and print textual documents.
-Eg: Corel word Perfect, Microsoft Word, Sun Staroffice
Writer
2. spreadsheet
-program that process information in the form of grid of column
and rows.
-eg: Corel Quattro Pro, Microsoft Excel, Sun Staroffice Calc
3. Presentation
- Enables user to create transparencies, slides, and handouts for
presentation.
-eg: Corel presentation, Microsoft Power point, Sun staroffice
impress.
4. Graphic Editing
- Program that can edit digital representation or non text-
information such as drawing, charts and photograph.
M/s 127-129
LESSON 48

26. Advanced features of application software :
3.MAIL MERGE
-Powerful features of word processing.
- to create numerous modicum of personalization
- eg: catalogues, envelopes, form letters….
2. MACRO
-Microsoft Excel
-Is sequence of keystrokes and instruction that are recorded and saved.
3. LOOKUP
-In spreadsheet
-allow to take any value entered, find it in a designated table, and return
a value from that same table.
4. PROTECTION
-In spreadsheet
-Allow you to protect your information from being lost.
5. PIVOT TABLE
-In spreadsheet
- allow user to summarize and simplify task that contain a lengthy list using
complex criteria.

27. 6. DROP CAP
allow you to offset the first letter of the sentences or paragraph.
7. WATERMARK
Any text or graphic image that is printed to overlap the existing text in a
document.
either in the background or foreground.
8. CROP
in graphic software.
used for cropping or cutting picture down to size.

28. Proprietary Software Vs Open Source Software
Proprietary SoftwareProprietary SoftwareOpen Source Open Source
SoftwareSoftware
DefinitionDefinition Closed source Closed source
softwaresoftware
Not closed softwareNot closed software
Examples of softwareExamples of software1. MS-DOS1. MS-DOS
2. MAC OS2. MAC OS
3. UNIX3. UNIX
4. Windows XP4. Windows XP
1. OpenOffice.org1. OpenOffice.org
2. PHP-Nuke2. PHP-Nuke
3. The GIMP3. The GIMP
4. Mozilla 4. Mozilla
1. Runs on a wide 1. Runs on a wide
range of hardware range of hardware
2. Largest market 2. Largest market
shareshare
3. Built in utilities3. Built in utilities
1. Runs on a wide 1. Runs on a wide
range of hardwarerange of hardware
2. Largest number of 2. Largest number of
user interface type user interface type
3. Used as server or 3. Used as server or
desktop PCdesktop PC
LESSON 56

29. Advantages of the Advantages of the
softwaresoftware
1.1.Stable systemStable system
2.2.Safe & guarantee Safe & guarantee
3. Easier to install 3. Easier to install
1.1.Can modify the Can modify the
source code source code
2.2.Cheaper in researchCheaper in research
Disadvantages of the Disadvantages of the
softwaresoftware
1. Manufacturer in 1. Manufacturer in
pressure pressure
2. Security is a major 2. Security is a major
issues.issues.
1. No exact 1. No exact
knowledgeknowledge
2. Codes are too 2. Codes are too
complicated complicated

30. Lesson 66
Pervasive computing
What is Pervasive Computing?
Means the technology that is gracefully integrated in our everyday life.
Pervasive computing uses web technology, portable devices, wireless
communication, and nomadic or ubiquitous computing.
Examples of the pervasive computing?
1. Watch phone
2. Wearable grass monitor
3. TV Remote Control Watch
13video phone
14GPS
15SpyPen
16Touch n Go SmartTags
173G technology video phone