Chapter-3-3.4-Men-and-Masculinities.pptx

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1. MEN AND MASCULINITIES

2. Introduction In the 1970’s, studies of different aspect of manhood were made. The growing body of literature theorizing men and masculinities which focuses on a variety of topics. Men made up a large majority of corporate executive, top professionals, and holders of public office. Gender popularity are constantly reinforced in the media, hence, men now acknowledges that their position is under challenge.

3. The men’s right lobby

4. The myth of Male Power: Why are men the disposable sex?

5. Men are now the gender victims as a result of feminism. - Warren Farrell

6. Modern legislation is seen to be overprotective of women’s interest, resulting in discrimination against men at a time when they are under increasing threat within rapidly changing society

7. What is masculinity? It is a social, cultural, and historical construct dependent on and related to the other factors such as class, ethnicity, sexuality, age, and disability.

8. Themes of masculinity Hierarchy and hegemony Hegemonic masculinity – position of cultural authority & leadership Embodies heroes, role models and so on Expression of the privilege men collectively have over women Multiple Masculinity There is no one pattern of masculinity Cultures and history The meaning of masculinity is different in working class 01 02 03 Collective Masculinity Patterns of conduct of individuals as either “masculine” or “feminine” Collective and informal

9. Related concepts Masculinities and well being Family formation, fathering, caregiving, and domestic roles Masculinities, alcohol and drug abuse Protest masculinity Caring masculinity

10. Masculinities and Well-being Research confirms that men are unlikely to talk about thier worries and more likely to engage in other destructive behaviors when stressed. These finding echo the evidence in the literature that conforming to stoic and regid notions of masculinity contributes to suicidal behavior and depression (Moller-Leimkuhler 2003; Emslie et al. 2006) Culturally dominant forms of masculinity, which often urge men to practice strict emotional control, serves as barrier to health and help-seeking behavior , or encourages some men to engage in practices detrimental to their own health and that of their family.

11. Family formation, fathering, caregiving, and domestic roles Domestic roles are closely associated with women as carrying them out can involve a loss of face for men. Great deal was heard about increases in women’s labor force participation in recent decades but less about men’s caregiving and domestic roles. Better-educated men are more likely to put more time into domestic roles and caregiving (Hernandez 1996; Garcia and Oliverio 2004; Baker and Verani 2008). Men’s schooling may have expanded their sense of norms and weakened stereotypes through their exposure to broader and more diverse ideas.

12. Masculinities, Alcohol, and Drug Abuse When men become drunk f ights and homicides are rationalized (Pange, 1998), and women are encourage to tolerate men’s drunkenness as a narutal part of their being (Caetano, 1984). Drug use and drug dealing can serve as ways of constructing a powerfully masculine identity (Collision 1996).

13. Protest Masculinity Protest masculinity refers to describe instances of extreme forms of sex-typed behavior on the parts of some males. Key to the concept of protest masculinity are high levels of physical agression (e.g. destructiveness, abuse, and violence). Protest masculinity is often a product of narcissism built from the feelings of powerlessness and insecurity.

14. Caring Masculinity Caring masculinities can be seen as masculine identities that exclude domination and embrace the affective, relational, emotional, and interdependent qualities of care. A critical form of men’s engagement in gender equality because doing care work requires men to resist hegemonic masculinity and to adopt values and characteristics of care (Elliot, 2016). Men who approximate this form of masculinity are viewed as a form of “new man” (Edley and Wetherell 1999; Smith 2016; Singleton and Maher 2004).

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16. References Adams, R. & David, S. (2002). Introduction in the Masculinity Studies Reader, ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Connel R. (1987). Gender and Power. Cambridge: Polity Press Connel R. (1987). Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press Elliot K. (2015). Caring Masculinities: Theorizing an emerging concept.