CHAPTER 3-GEN.-INORG.-CHEM matter and its properties

Matter and its properties

1. Chapter 3: Matter and its Properties

2. Chapter 3 Subtopics: a. Pure Substances b. Mixtures c. States of Matter d. Changes in Matter e. Properties of Matter

3. Lesson Objectives:

4. What is matter? Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

5. Pure Substances

6. Pure Substances Element A pure substance consisting of only one kind of atom in the form of homoatomic molecules or individual atoms. Compounds A pure substance consisting of two or more kinds of atoms in the form of heteroatomic molecules or individual atoms.

7. Classifying Substances When sulfur, an element, is heated in air, it combines with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. Classify sulfur dioxide as an element or a compound. Because sulfur and oxygen are both elements and they combine to form sulfur dioxide, the molecules of sulfur dioxide must contain atoms of both sulfur and oxygen. Thus, sulfur dioxide is a compound because its molecules are heteroatomic

8. Mixtures

9. Mixtures Homogeneous Has uniform composition throughout. All substances exist in one state of matter. Heterogeneous Mixtures in which the properties and appearance are not uniform throughout the sample. Substances can exist in different states of matter at once.

10. Identify the following as homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures. Saltwater Coffee Opened soda drinks Gravel and sand Salad

11. States of Matter

12. STATES OF MATTER SOLID It has a definite shape and volume. Particles are tightly packed together. LIQUID Has definite volume but no definite shape. Particles are more loosely packed than in a solid. GAS Has no fixed volume or shape. Particles vibrate freely at high speed.

13. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA Has no fixed volume or shape. Are electrically conductive, produce magnetic fields and electric currents, and respond strongly to electromagnetic forces. Lightning, electric sparks, fluorescent lights, neon lights, plasma televisions, some types of flame and the stars are all examples of illuminated matter in the plasma state.

14. STATES OF MATTER Bose-Einstein Condensate A state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. BECs have been used to create atom lasers, atomic clocks and gravitational, rotational or magnetic sensors with excellent sensitivity.

15. Changes in Matter

16. Changes in Matter

17. Physical Changes

18. Phase Changes It is the transformation of matter from one phase to another. It always involves absorption or release of heat.

19. Changes in States of Matter Exothermic Reaction A process that releases heat, causing the temperature of the immediate surroundings to rise. Condensation Freezing Deposition Recombination Endothermic Reaction A process that absorbs heat and cools the surroundings. Melting Evaporation Sublimation Ionization

20. Chemical Changes Occur when the composition of a substance is changed, which requires the breaking and forming of chemical bonds during a chemical reaction. Result in the production of a new substance, thus, it’s irreversible.

21. Properties of Matter

22. Properties of Matter

23. Physical Properties A re properties that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical nature of the substance.  Intensive Property Extensive Property

24. Physical Properties

25. Some examples of physical properties are:

26. Chemical Properties As any of a material’s properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction, that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance’s chemical identity.