Chapter_4_BRS10203 research approach MSU

Chapter_4_BRS10203 research approach MSU

1. RESEARCH APPROACH (BRS10203) CHAPTER 4: METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES (FBMP)

2. Chapter 4: Methods of Data Collection Techniques 4.1 Questionnaire Development 4.2 Measurement Scale SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 2

3. Questionnaire is defined as a set of structured questions designed to collect the data required for research. It is also defined as a set of focused question to obtain information from targeted respondents. Collecting data using questionnaire helps to reduce time and cost since it allows respondents to complete it at their own convenient time without any intervention from researcher. 4.1 Questionnaire Development SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 3

4. Can send to respondents through ordinary mail as well as e-mail, hence it is faster, cheaper, and can cover broader geographical area. Much cheaper than face to face interview or any other methods of data collection. Respondents are more willing to be truthful in their opinion since their anonymity is guaranteed and they are not influenced by the researcher. 4.1 Questionnaire Development SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 4 Advantages using questionnaire

5. The questions should be short and simple. Begin with simple and less controversial question first. Should not require calculation. Allow an answer to be ticked. Avoid open-ended questionnaires. Positively worded questions. No double-barreled questions (saying more than 1 thing in a single question) 4.1 Questionnaire Development SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 5 Designing A Questionnaire:

6. 3.4 Questionnaire Development SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 6 Steps in Questionnaire Development

7. SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 7 Example of Questionnaire

8. SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 8 Example of Questionnaire

9. SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 9 Example of Questionnaire

10. SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 10 Example of Questionnaire

11. SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 11 Example of Questionnaire

12. SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 12 Example of Questionnaire

13. Level of measurement is the scale representing a hierarchy of precision in which variable might be assessed. There are four types of measurement : 4.2 Measurement Scale SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 13 NOMINAL ORDINAL INTERVAL RATIO

14. Example of Data Gender Male Female Marital Status Married Single Divorced SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 14 NOMINAL SCALE Called as categorical data. Names are assigned to objects as labels. Data cannot be arranged in ordering scheme. The lowest scale in the level of measurement scales.

15. Example of Data Education Level SPM Diploma / STPM Bachelor Master PhD. SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 15 ORDINAL SCALE Can be arranged in ranking order (1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , etc.) Comparisons of greater and less can be made. The ordinal scale is a level higher than the nominal scale.

16. Age: Below 20 years 20-39 years 40-59 years Above 60 years Please indicate how often you access the internet in a month: Do not access at all 1-5 times 6-10 times 11-15 times More than 15 times SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 16 INTERVAL SCALE Like ordinal scale but have additional property that the different between 2 data values is meaningful The scale allows respondents to select an appropriate response in which the values falls in a given interval. The ordinal scale is a level higher than the nominal scale. Example of Data

17. SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 17 INTERVAL SCALE Example of Data

18. A time taken to study per day The monthly amount spent for prepaid top-up. How much do you pay for your monthly rent? How long does it take for you to drive to the campus every day? How many school-going children are there in your family? SITI HASLINI BINTI ZAKARIA 18 RATIO SCALE Highest level of data measurement scale. Contains meaningful zero which represent the absence of the phenomena being measured . Example of Data

19. THANK YOU! End of Chapter 4