CHAPTER 5 REPORT. ABOUT DEFORESTATION ,,

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1. Jeremiah 29:11 For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you a hope and a future.

2. CHAPTER 5 CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

3. Forest Resources Is an ecosystem comprised of a wide array of flora, fauna, and microorganism species that are in constant interface with the environment in which they occurs “ Forest Ecosystem ”.

4. Forest Ecosystem Are vital life-support systems, in that they provide many benefits that improves human life and experiences.

5. Mangroves Forest In the Philippines known as “rainforest of the sea ” are extremely productive ecosystems and host a diversity of mangrove species.

6. The 2 major vegetational formations in the Philippines Lowland Rainforest Lower montane forest

7. Dipterocarp Forest Which are dominated by at least 50% of Dipterocarp species and thus is a major source of wood for the limber industry.

8. Lowland Molave Forest The lowland molave forest is predominated by molave tress but other tree species such us.

9. Narra ( pterocarpus indicus ) Tindalo ( Pahudia rhomboidea ) Ipil ( Intsia bijuga ) Akle ( Albizia acle ) Banuyo ( Wallaceodendron celebicum )

10. Mangrove Forest Is composed of mangroves growing in wetland along tidal mudflats and shallow water coastal areas extending inland along rivers, streams, and their tributaries with Brakish waters.

11. Mossy forest Is generally found in highly elevated lands and mountainous area with steep ridges and have trees that are covered with moss, ferns, or orchids.

12. Beach Forest are composed of vegetation such as: Pandan (Pandanus tectorius ) Talisay (Terminalia catappa ) Tawalis ( Osbornia octodonia ) Dapdap (Erythrina variegate var. orientalis )

13. THE BENEFITS OF FOREST DIRECT BENEFITS - is from the forest are timber and non-timber products or minor forest products. Timber product-are include logs, lumber, veneer and plywood. Non-Timber product - are include charcoal, firewood, tanbarks, palm products, cutch and fibers, resins, gums, oils, rubber, gutta-percha, beeswax, and medicinal plants.

14. INDIRECT BENIFECTS or Intangible Benefits - is derive from the forest are those which we do not feel directly. Indirect Benefits also include the protective and regulatory functions of the forest system.

15. THREATS TO FOREST RESOURCES Land Degradation- is caused by multiple forces, including extreme weather conditions, particularly drought. EXAMPLE: Water erosion Wind erosion

16. Forest Soil Properties is the stabilized by a dense mat of plant roots. Its surface is originally littered with leaves and twigs that protect against erosion

17. Tropical Rainforest - is were biodiversity of plants and animals are most concentrated. Biodiversity loss- it refers to the decline or disappearance of biological diversity, it understood as the variety of living things that inhabit the planet. Forest loss or translate to habit loss - making species vulnerable as they strive to subsists in the fragmented forest.

18. Deforestation it refers to the massive clearing of the planet’s forest cover. Clearing forest cover can be the results of fires, conversion into agricultural land or ranching farms logging farms ,logging for the timber or simply because of the land degradation can no longer support plant life.

19. Virgin or first-growth forest- are old-growth forest that have been logged. And found in mountain provinces of Palawan and Isabela which still have an adequate forest cover of about 54%.

20. Dipterocarp Forest - are believed to support one of the world’s richest plant and animal life and home to diverse number to indigenous cultures whose lives and well-being are anchored upon an ecologically sound forest ecosystem.

21. FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Forest resources management basically comes down to the conservation, restoration, and promotion of sustainable forest ecosystem use. The management of forest resource should aim to maintain the stability, health the stability, health, and the dynamics of forest ecosystem.

22. There some key of Interventions: National and local level governance, institutional issues and policies. Support at the community level for rights and livelihoods. Support for sustainable production of forest products. Creation of interventions for the preservation of environmental services.

23. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES recall that agriculture is the breeding and trending of animals, plants and fungi for products necessary for survival of human life. is the land and farming building, equipment, manure, processing handAling facilities which contribute to the production.

24. THREATS TO AGRICULTURE RESOURCES

25. SOIL EROSION -agricultural soil is vulnerable to soil erosion as they have little protection from the action of wind and rain. SOIL SALINITY- excess salts contaminating soil could result from irrigation to croplands. HABITAT DESTRUCTION- a gricultural biodiversity is threatened by the destruction of the environment that serves as their natural habitat.

26. Destructive Pest and Disease Pest and Disease- infections threaten the agrobiodiversity in the Philippine. Pests - such as the fruit and the shoot borer in eggplant as well as diseases caused by viruses like the papaya ring spot virus, citrus tristeza virus have led to loss in species diversity of some crops.

27. Preserving Genetic Diversity Is a way of populations to adapt to changing environments. Only the diversity can allow sustainability as it ensures the survival of the diverse food culture on this planet.

28. Integrated pest management(IPM) -is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices.

29. Integrated cultural management(ICM) - Is the process of managing sports turf by considering and analyzing all environmental factors, pests, maintenance processes and player applied stresses, which affects the health of turf grass culture.

30. Developing the higher-yield plant and animal varieties Efforts ate various international agricultural centers are geared towards the development of low-input, but high-yielding varieties of agricultural crops.

31. Soil enrichment programs - Is to maintain the soil fertility use of organic and commercial inorganic fertilizers can be applied to soil to partially restore and maintain plant nutrients lost by erosion, leaching and crop harvesting and to increase crop yield. Ex. Banana rice terraces

32. WATER RESOURCES Water is a vital renewable resource that is recycled continuously through water cycle. There are two source of freshwater: Surface water- streams, wetlands and reservoirs. Groundwater- that seeps into the ground and fills the pores in soil and rocks in the earth’s crust.

33. THREATS TO WATER RESOURCES The exponential growth of the building population and consequent people growth and development is leading to conflicting pressures on water resource. Point source- is an identifiable source with a specific discharge point into a body of water. Nonpoint source- are the products consequent of general land use.

34. Methods of managing water resources:

35. Planned tapping of groundwater source Over use of groundwater can cause or intensify several problems such as aquifer depletion. Eliminating waters subsidies and imposing recycling mechanism -water waste could be reduced by streamliming water management authorities.

36. Using water resources effectively in agriculture. -saving water and irrigation using down-slope or gravity flow and avoiding seepage and waterlogging not only reduces the use of the water it also increase the productivity of agricultural land.

37. Wildlife Resources is the plant and animals are renewable resources that support the survival needs of all living organism. Biological Diversity- is the variety and variability among the living organism at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels.

38. Biological Diversity- is the variety and variability among the living organism at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels. Wild species supply us and other species with food from the soil and the sea, recycle nutrients essential to agriculture and help produce and maintain fertile soil.

39. Threats to Wildlife Resources

40. Biodiversity Loss -refers to the decline of disappearance of biological diversity, understood as the variety of living things that inhabit the planet, as well as the natural patterns present in ecosystems. Endangered species- is one having so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct over all or most of its natural range. Ex. White rhinoceros in Africa, giant panda in Central China.

41. Threatened species- is still abundant in its natural range but is declining in numbers and is likely to become endangered. Ex. Bald eagle, grizzly bear.

42. Destruction of Coral Reefs Destruction of Coral Reef- coral reef is the world most diverse and productive ecosystem. Coral Reefs- are also an integral part of the planets carbon cycle, which moderates the Earths surface temperature. Massive coral reef skeletons- are actually made up of calcium carbonate, which is derived from calcium and carbon dioxide dissolved in sea water.

43. Overexploitation of fishery Resource - The use of dynamite, sodium cyanide, electrical devices, fine-meshed nets and the operation of commercial trawls in nearby shores are common practices which have seriously threatened marine ecosystem. Ex situ- is a conservation involves the preservation of a certain numbers of species of animals or plants in certain designated areas as in germplasm banks, zoos or botanical gardens.

44. In situ- is a conservation that involves the presentation and protection of flora and fauna in the natural settings. Legal Framework of wildlife resources management - In the Philippine’s environment legislation framework that focuses on wildlife resource management rests on four main legislations.

45. THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS

46. Luke 1:37 For nothing will be impossible with God.”

47. Prepared By: GOMEZ,HANNIE MAE FACTURAN, JOHN KURT EWAYAN, LANIROSE