Chapter 8 - Systems Development Life Cycle Pt.1.pptx

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

SYSTEM
Development life cycle

1. Systems Development Life Cycle Pt.1 DM211 Presentation to Diploma in Management Class of 2023 Date: 3 November 2023 Presenter: Pamela F. Mudzamba

2. Computer Software Computer software is a collection of computer programmes and related data that provide instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it Software is a set of programmes, procedures, algorithms and its documentation

3. Computer software must be classified as: System software Application software Development software

4. Relationship between Software and Hardware User Application Software Operating System Hardware

5. System Software These are programmes that manage the computer resources (CPU, peripherals, secondary devices ). There are three types: Operating systems software Communication software Utility software

6. Operating System Supervisory programmes Job management programmes Input management programmes The operating system oversees all actions taken by the computer It can schedule the execution of jobs (job queue) and determine the status of each job being processed The supervisory programmes manage main memory, disk storage, CPU processing time and peripherals The programmes permit the easy programme retrieval from storage devices. Examples of operating systems are: MS-DOS which is a single user and single tasking operating system, Windows 95 which is a multitasking operating system and provides networking support, Windows 98, 2000, UNIX a multitasking and multiuser, Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7

7. Issues important when acquiring operating system software Single or multitasking operating system Is it a task switching operating system What utilities are available with the operating system The utilities such as delete, save, compress and so on, must be part of the system. You can purchase a third party software for missing utilities, that is, programmes developed by companies other than the company that developed the operating system. Examples are the windows programmes not developed by Microsoft such as Adobe and download manager Is the operating system’s hardware dependent You should note that the operating system may be limited to run on specific machines. For example the McIntosh programmes run only on Apple machines What user interface is offered by the operating system? It is important to consider how the user interacts with the system. Take note of how the command user interface appears on the screen

8. Communication Software This software controls communication equipment It is used to provide remote access to systems and exchange files and message in text, audio and /or video formats between different computers, for example the file transfer programmes Examples of this software include: email software, wireless software, broadcast software, telephony software, Internet communication software, instant communication software, voice mail communication and so forth.

9. Utility Software Performs operations on a file Designed to help analyse, configure, optimise and maintain the computer It focuses on how the computer infrastructure (hardware operating system, application software and data storage) operates The utilities are technical and most major operating systems come with overall pre-installed utilities Examples of the utilities include: Disk storage utilities Disk defragmenters detect files broken across several locations on the hard disk and more than once on one location. Disk checks scan contents of hard disks to find corrupt files and eliminate them for efficient hard drive operations. Disk cleaners find unnecessary files for the user to delete when disk is full).

10. Application Software It performs specific data or text processing functions It is designed to help the user perform single or multiple related specific tasks Examples of application software include: Enterprise software that addresses organisational needs and process and data flow such as Customer Relationship Management, Financial, Supply Chain Management Educational software has content and features adapted for educators or students, and can also deliver tests and track learning progress

11. Application Software [Contd.] Media development software addresses the needs of individuals who generate and print electronic media for others in a commercial setting The application software can be a stand-alone package or integrated suites and compatible packages that work together, that is, moving from one package to another MS Office is a good example as it contains: MS Word for word-processing, Excel for spreadsheet, PowerPoint for presentations and Access for database

12. Application Software [Contd.] There are features you need to know about application software and these include : Customer versus commercial software Shareware or freeware software Potable application programme

13. What to consider when purchasing application software Relevance of task Easy to install Memory requirements Performance effectiveness Performance efficiency Ease of use Flexibility Quality of documentation

14. Developmen t Software This is also known as application development, software design, or software application development. It is the development of a software product in a planned and structured process Software could be produced for a variety of purposes : To meet specific needs of a specific client/business or To meet perceived needs of some potential users or For personal use

15. Development Software [Contd.] The term used to refer to computer programming is writing and maintaining the source code. Most of the methodologies of software development show the following stages : Market research,  Gathering information requirements for the proposed business solution  Analyse the problem,  Devising a plan or design for the software-based solution  Implementing the solution  Testing the software  Development and  Maintenance and bug fixing This is often referred to as the software development life cycle

16. The Waterfall model REQUIREMENTS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION VERIFICATION MAINTENANCE

17. Advantages of using a Computer Accuracy Increased volume of data processing can be realised Processing speed can be achieved You can store large volume of data Security of data can be achieved through the use of passwords Communication is made easy through e-mailing and video conferencing The computer is reliable as it can be operated under adverse conditions for extended periods Business can cut on unnecessary overtime, eliminate the waste of supplies, reduce dependency upon unreliable employees, develop tighter management control, improve internal security and increase operational effectiveness

18. Disadvantages of Computers Easy accessing of information from the Internet without exploring the topic There is need for constant check on children browsing habits on the Internet as some Websites provide pornographic materials Theft and virus threats are very common on the Internet They rely on electricity, hence limit their reliability They are expensive They cause finger and eyesight disorders as well as others complaints explained above