chapter one Lesson 2.pptxchapter one Lesson 2.pptx

chapter one Lesson 2.pptxchapter one Lesson 2.pptx

1. Welcome

2. Red Sea University Computer Science & IT

3. http:// www.mahergelle.com By Eng.Adulahi M. Adan Operating System 2: LINUX

4. Chapter One: - Introduction to Linux

5. Chapter Outline Operating Systems 01 Unix/Linux OS 02 Linux vs Windows 03 Why Linux Which Linux How Linux 04

6. Lesson Two: -

7. UNIX/LINUX Structure Linux Operating System

8. UNIX/LINUX Structure Linux System Architecture is consists of following layers Hardware layer - Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc ). Kernel - Core component of Operating System, interacts directly with hardware, provides low level services to upper layer componen . Shell - An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of kernel's functions from users. Takes commands from user and executes kernel's functions. Utilities/Programs - Utility programs giving user most of the functionalities of an operating systems . Linux Operating System

9. UNIX/LINUX File System Linux Operating System

10. Unix/Linux File System The Unix file system looks like an inverted tree structure. You start with the root directory, denoted by /, at the top and work down through sub-directories. Linux Operating System

11. Windows Vs. Linux File System In Microsoft Windows, files are stored in folders on different data drives like C: D: E: But, in Linux, files are ordered in a tree structure starting with the root directory . This root directory can be considered as the start of the file system, and it further branches out various other subdirectories. The root is denoted with a forward slash '/'. A general tree file system on your UNIX may look like this. Linux Operating System

12. Windows Vs. Linux : Users There are 3 types of users in Linux. Regular:- A regular user account is created for you when you install Ubuntu/Santos on your system. All your files and folders are stored in /home/ which is your home directory. Administrative(root):- another user account called root is created at the time of installation. The root account is a  super user  who can access restricted files, install software and has administrative privileges. Service:- Linux is widely used as a Server Operating System. Services such as Apache, Squid, email, etc. have their own individual service accounts. Having service accounts increases the security of your computer. Linux can allow or deny access to various resources depending on the service. Linux Operating System

13. Windows Vs. Linux: File Name Convention In Windows, you cannot have 2 files with the same name in the same folder. See below - Linux Operating System

14. Windows Vs. Linux: File Name Convention While in Linux, you can have 2 files with the same name in the same directory, provided they use different cases. Linux Operating System

15. Windows Vs. Linux : Key Differences Linux Operating System

16. UNIX VS LINUX: Key Differences Features Linux Unix Cost Linux is 100% freely distributed, Different flavors of Unix have different cost structures according to vendors Manufacturer Linux kernel is developed by the community Linus Torvalds oversees things. Three bigest distributions are Solaris (Oracle), AIX (IBM) & HP UX Hewlett Packard. And Apple Makes OSX, an unix based os .. User Everyone. From home users to developers Unix operating systems were developed mainly for mainframes servers and workstations Examples Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, Debian , Archlinux , Android etc. OS X, Solaris, All Linux

17. Basic Features of Linux OS Following are some of the important features of Linux Operating System. Portable - Portability means softwares can works on different types of hardwares in same way. Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform . Open Source - Linux source code is freely available and it is community based development project. Multiple teams works in collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving . Multi-User - Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system resources like memory/ ram/ application programs at same time . Linux Operating System

18. Basic Features of Linux OS Multiprogramming - Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at same time . Hierarchical File System - Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files are arranged. Shell - Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs etc . Security - Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data . Linux Operating System

19. Linux Advantages 1. Low cost: You don’t need to spend time and money to obtain licenses since Linux and much of its software come with the GNU General Public License. 2. Stability : Linux doesn’t need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels. It doesn’t freeze up or slow down over time due to memory leaks and such. 3. Performance : Linux provides persistent high performance on workstations and on networks. It can handle unusually large numbers of users simultaneously, and can make old computers sufficiently responsive to be useful again. 4. Network friendliness: Linux was developed by a group of programmers over the Internet and has therefore strong support for network functionality. Linux Operating System

20. Linux Advantages 5. Flexibility: Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded systems. You can save disk space by only installing the components needed for a particular use. You can restrict the use of specific computers by installing for example only selected office applications instead of the whole suite. 6 . Security : Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. “Walls” and flexible file access permission systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses . 7. Open Source: If you develop software that requires knowledge or modification of the operating system code, Linux’s source code is at your fingertips . Most Linux applications are Open Source as well. 8. Fast and easy installation 9. Full use of hard disk 10. Multitasking Linux Operating System

21. How Linux Multiple Operating System Multi-Boot system Generally multi-boot system boots into any one OS at a time. Virtualization software like VMware can be used to run multiple instances of OSs simultaneously on the same physical machine . Linux Operating System

22. How Linux Boot Loader Booting is a process that starts operating systems when the user turns on a computer system. A boot sequence is the initial set of operations that the computer performs when it is switched on. The bootloader typically loads the main operating system for the computer. Linux Operating System

23. Linux Installation

24. What is Ubuntu ? Ubuntu is a complete Linux operating system, freely available with both community and professional support. The Ubuntu community is built on the ideas Software should be available free of charges Software tools should be usable by people in their local language and despite any disabilities and that people should have the freedom to customize and alter their software in whatever way they see fit. Linux Operating System

25. Installation Procedures A working PC with internet access A PC to install Linux on A blank USB flash drive A Virtual Machine The ISO file Linux Operating System

26. Chapter End

27. Thank you @ Eng.Abdulahi Mohamed