chapter1_intro_sainsbahan_edar (2).pdf material science

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1. MATERIAL SCIENCE
DAM14203
WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION

2. CONTENT
Introduction.
Materials and Engineering.
Materials science and engineering.
Type of material.
Comparison of materials.
Use of materials in the future.
i.

3. Introduction

4. The bridge of knowledge
forms by the materials
science and engineering
from the basic sciences to
the engineering disciplines.

5. Materials and Engineering.

Basic knowledge
of materials
Resultant knowledge
of the structure,
processing, and
performance of
engineering
materials
Applied
knowledge of
materials
Materials science
Materials science
and engineering
Materials
engineering
Investigations between
structure and properties of
materials
• Develop technique for
processing materials
• Create a new products using
existing materials

6. Materials
Science and
Engineering
focuses on
Studying the
properties and
structure of
materials
Creating new
and better
materials
Improving
existing
materials
Selecting
appropriate
materials for a
wide range of
applications
Exploring
new ways to
use both
natural and
created
materials.

7. The essence of Material and Science
Structure
Properties Processing
MATERIALS

18. Type of material.
•Metals
oFerrous
oNon- ferrous
•Ceramics
oTraditional
oEngineering
•Polymers
oThermoset
oThermoplastics
•Electronics Material
oThin Film
oSemi Conductor (Group IV Elements)
oSuper Conductor (rare earth material)
•Composite
oMetal Matrix Composites (MMC)
oCeramic Matrix Composites (CMC)
oPolymer Matrix Composites (PMC)

19. Metals
1. Ferrous
Alloy
(Steel).
2. Non
Ferrous Alloy
( Aluminum,
Magnesium,
Titanium,
Copper)
Polymers
1.Thermoplastic
(PP, PE, PET,
PVC)
2. Thermoset
(Epoxy)
3. Elastromer
Ceramics
1. Traditional
(Bricks,Porcel
ain,Glass).
2. Technical
(AlO, MgO,
SiO3)
Composite
- Combination
of two or more
materials
PMC, CMC,
MMC

20. Comparison/classification of materials
Bonding Micro-
structure
Advantages Disadvantages
METALS &
ALLOY
Metallic Crystal
grains
-strong, stiff, ductile
-conductive
-fracture
-fatigue
POLYMERS Covalent &
Secondary
Chain
molecules
-low cost, light weight
-resist corrosion
-low strength
-low stiffness
-creep
CERAMICS &
GLASS
Ionic-
Covalent
Crystal
grains
amorphous
-strong, stiff, hard
-resist high temp.
-resist corrosion
-brittleness
COMPOSITE Various Matrix &
fibers, etc.
-strong, stiff
-light weight
-high cost,
delaminating

21. Use of materials in the future

Refer to all new materials and modifications to existing materials
to obtain superior performance in one or more characteristics that
are critical for the application under consideration.
Example
MetalOxide-based Electrode nanostructures
- high specific capacity/capacitance,
The Boeing 787 Dreamliner utilize nearly half carbon fiber
reinforced plastic for the airframe make it 20% lighter that previously
used aluminum based airframe
Advance Material

22. Use of materials in the future

Smart materialsaredesigned materialsthat have one or more properties
that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external
stimuli, such asstress,temperature, moisture,pH,
electricormagneticfields.
Smart – able to sense changes in their environments and then respond
to these changes in predetermined manners
Two components :
1)Piezoelectric
2)Photovoltaic
3)Sensors – detect an input signal such as movement, temperature etc
4)Actuator – performs a responsive & adaptive function
Smart Material

23. Types of smart material
Piezoelectricmaterials are materials that produce a voltage
when stress is applied
pH-sensitive polymersare materials that change in
volume when the pH of the surrounding medium changes.
Thermoelectric materialsare used to build devices
thatconvert temperature differences into electricity and
vice-versa.
Photomechanical materialschange shape under exposure
to light.