Chapter1- Introduction to Microhydro.pptx

Micro Hydropower

1. Introduction to micro hydro power MHP (Micro Hydro Power) is a renewable energy source that uses the power of flowing water to generate electricity MHP systems are typically small-scale, with a capacity to generate up to 100 kW of electricity. Usually isolated supplying just to one rural area or community Located in remote location with no grid access Micro-hydro- a major source of energy for rural areas A more practical and cost effective alternative for meeting rural energy needs Sometimes connected to mini grid for reliability Plentiful of water and terrain with appreciable slope in hills provides a very good micro hydro potential in the country Also used for milling powered by turbine without a generator

2. Various Components Construction of a Micro-hydro power plant is site specific. It is made up of a number of components. Some of them are…… Intake Canal Penstock Turbine Generator Controlling unit

3. Features of MHP Renewable: MHP uses the power of flowing water, a renewable resource, to generate electricity. This means that it does not produce greenhouse gases or other pollutants.Small -scale: MHP systems are typically small-scale, with a capacity to generate up to 100 kW of electricity. This makes them ideal for providing power to remote communities or individual homes. Simple technology: MHP systems are relatively simple and easy to maintain. This makes them suitable for use in developing countries where there may be a lack of skilled technicians. Low environmental impact: MHP systems have a low environmental impact compared to other forms of energy generation. They do not require large dams or reservoirs, and they do not produce significant air or water pollution. Can be run-of-the-river: MHP systems can be run-of-the-river, which means that they do not require the construction of a dam or reservoir. This can help to reduce the environmental impact of the project. Can be used for irrigation: MHP systems can be used for irrigation in addition to power generation. This can be a valuable benefit for communities in developing countries.

4. Limitations Limited capacity Site-specific Seasonal variations Initial investment:

5. Role of MHP for rural development 1. Providing Electricity : Lights homes and schools : MHP brings basic electricity to homes, replacing kerosene lamps and improving safety, health, and nighttime productivity. Powering education : Schools can have lights for extended study hours and utilize electronic learning tools. Improved communication : Mobile phone charging allows villagers to stay connected and access information.

6. Contd …. 2. Socio-Economic Benefits: Livelihood opportunities: Electricity allows for small businesses to emerge, like phone charging stations, food processing units, or workshops with power tools. Increased productivity: Activities like farming and irrigation can benefit from electric pumps and tools, leading to higher yields and income. Improved healthcare: MHP can power medical facilities, enabling refrigeration for vaccines and facilitating nighttime healthcare services.

7. Contd …. 3. Environmental Impact: Renewable and clean energy: MHP utilizes flowing water, a sustainable resource, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and air pollution. Reduced deforestation : With access to electric lights, villagers may rely less on firewood for illumination, protecting forests.

8. Contd … 4.Additional Considerations: Community ownership: When local communities are involved in owning and maintaining the MHP, it fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility. Skilled workforce development: Training locals for MHP operation and maintenance creates job opportunities and reduces reliance on external technicians.

9. History of Micro hydro power in Nepal(1) Water mills (locally called as Ghatta ) in rural areas from time immemorial Balaju Yantra Shala established in 1960 through Swiss assistance. UMN established of institutions to support technology development mostly in Butwal , 1960-1970 private workshops based on indigenous knowledge and practices established in Kathmandu and in Butwal primarily to produce and install small water mills, widely known as “Turbine Mill” during the 1970s. The water Mills were used extensively for processing of agricultural products utilizing direct mechanical power.

10. History of Micro hydro power in Nepal(2) Addition of generators for electrification and the establishment of private manufacturing companies further spread in eighties and subsequent decades.  Most of equipment or components (e.g., Turbines, Trash Racks, Mild steel Pipes, Conductors and Load Controllers) are, in general, locally manufactured in Nepal. Generator and valves are imported from abroad especially from India and china, and also from Europe in some cases.

11. History of Micro hydro power in Nepal(3) The evolution of the standardization process, rather in a limited manner, started from late eighties. Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) and the Agricultural Development Bank of Nepal (ADB/N) initialed a joint programme in order to enhance the technological base of the micro-hydro installations in the country. 

12. History of Micro hydro power in Nepal(4) AEPC as a policy and advisory body was set up in 1996 to promote the use of alternative/renewable energy technologies which co-worked with the development partners, private sectors, NGOs/INGOs to provide policy, technical and financial support. Institutional lead: Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) under the Ministry of Environment With the active participation from the private sector and through the technical and financial assistance of AEPC and other national/international financing agencies, 2778 micro and pico hydro plant with total installed capacity of 26.5 MW were installed around 2,50,000 household By the same time, there were 8493 number of units for mechanical power generation for milling