Chapter1_Network_Protocol_Presentation.pptx

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

1. Network and protocol

2. Objectives: Explain what data communication, networks, and protocols are. List the main parts of a communication system (message, sender, receiver, medium, protocol). Understand what makes communication effective (delivery, accuracy, speed). Tell the difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN networks with examples. Describe what makes a good network (performance, reliability, security). Understand the role of protocols and how the OSI and TCP/IP models work. Give examples of how networks and protocols are used in daily life (like email, browsing, online shopping).

3. Data communication

4. Data communication Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable. It includes the transfer of data ,the method of transfer and the preservation of data during transfer process. To initiate data communication the devices should be collection of both physical equipments(hardware)and program(software).

5. Key Characteristic of Data Communication Delivery Accuracy Timeliness

6. Delivery Data must reach the correct destination, and only the intended device or user should receive it.

7. Accuracy Data must be delivered without errors; if it changes during transmission, it becomes useless.

8. Timeliness The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are useless.

9. Network

10. Network A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.”

11. Types of Network LAN(Local Area Network) MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) WAN(Wide Area Network)

12. LAN(Local Area Network) A network that connects computers and devices within a small area, like a home, office, or school.

13. MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) A network that covers a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, usually a city or town.

14. WAN(Wide Area Network) A network that spans a large geographical area, like countries or even the world.

15. Protocol

16. Protocol A set of rules that control how data is sent, received, and understood. Example: TCP/IP, which allows devices on the internet to communicate properly.

17. The five main parts of a data communication system Message Sender Receiver Transmission Medium Protocol

18. Message The information or data to be sent. Can be text, numbers, pictures, audio, or video.

19. Sender The device that sends the message. Examples: computer, phone, video camera.

20. Receiver The device that receives the message. Examples: computer, phone, television.

21. Transmission Medium The physical path through which the message travels. Examples: cables (twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optics) or wireless signals (radio waves, Wi-Fi).

22. Three main critiria of a good network Performance Reliability Security

23. Performance How well the network works. Measured by: Transit time → how long it takes for data to travel from one device to another. Response time → how quickly the network replies to a request. Depends on factors like number of users, transmission medium, hardware, and software efficiency.

24. Reliability How dependable the network is. Measured by: Frequency of failures. Time taken to recover from failures. Ability to handle unexpected problems.

25. Security Protecting data while it travels across the network. Includes: Preventing unauthorized access. Protecting data from damage or loss.

26. Role of Protocol A protocol is a set of rules that devices follow to communicate. They define what is communicated, how, and when Without protocols, devices may be connected but unable to understand each other (like two people speaking different languages). 👉 Examples of protocols: HTTP/HTTPS → for web browsing. SMTP/IMAP/POP3 → for email. TCP/IP → for reliable data transfer across the Internet.

27. The OSI Model (7 Layers)

28. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a framework that explains how data moves through a network

29. 7 Layers of OSI model Physical Layer → Deals with cables, signals, and hardware connections. Data Link Layer → Ensures error-free transfer between two directly connected devices. Network Layer → Finds the best path for data (routing, IP addresses). Transport Layer → Ensures complete, correct delivery (TCP, ports, segmentation). Session Layer → Manages conversations between applications. Presentation Layer → Translates, encrypts, and compresses data. Application Layer → Provides services to users (web, email, file sharing).

30. Networks and Protocols to Real-Life Applications

31. Web Browsing When you visit a website, your device uses the HTTP/HTTPS protocol to request and receive web pages through the Internet (a global WAN). Example: Opening Google or YouTube on your phone.

32. Email Communication Emails travel across networks using protocols like SMTP (sending) and IMAP/POP3 (receiving). Example: Sending a school project to your teacher via Gmail.

33. Social Media & Messaging Apps like WhatsApp, Facebook, or Instagram rely on network connections and protocols to send messages, pictures, or videos instantly. Example: Chatting with a friend over Wi-Fi or mobile data.

34. Online Shopping & Banking Protocols like HTTPS keep transactions safe by encrypting your personal and financial information. Example: Buying clothes online or transferring money with a mobile banking app.

35. File Sharing & Cloud Storage Protocols such as FTP or secure versions like SFTP allow you to upload, download, or sync files. Example: Saving homework on Google Drive and opening it later from another device

36. Thank you for listening! -Group 1

37. Chapter 1: Network & Protocol (Summary) Data Communication - delivery, accuracy, timeliness Data Communication Components - Message, Sender, Receiver, Medium, Protocol Computer Networks - nodes, links Network Criteria - Performance, Reliability, Security Categories of Networks - LAN, MAN, WAN Protocol - Syntax, Semantics, Timing OSI Model - 7 Layers (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application) TCP/IP Protocol Suite - 5 Layers (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Application)