Chapter22-SubstitutedHydrocarbons (2).pptx

Chemistry

1. Substituted Hydrocarbons Chapter 22

2. 22.1 Alkyl Halide and Aryl Halide. Pages 786 – 791

3. Define functional group, and give examples. Compare and contrast alkyl and aryl halide structures. Evaluate the boiling points of organic halides.

4. Functional Group Functional group: is an atom or group of atoms that always reacts in a certain way. Addition of a functional group to a hydrocarbon always produces a substance with different chemical and physical properties. Double and triple bonds between carbon atoms are considered functional groups.

5. Alkyl Halides and Aryl Halides

6. Alkyl Halides and Aryl Halides Any organic compound that contains a halogen substituent is called a halocarbon . An alkyl halide is an organic compound containing a halogen atom covalently bonded to an aliphatic carbon atom. An aryl halide is an organic compound containing a halogen atom bonded to a benzene ring .

7. Naming halocarbons 2-bromobutane 3,3-dibromo-2,2-dichloropentane 1,2-dibromo-3-chlorobutane

8. 1,2,3-trichlorocyclohexane Iodocyclopentane Naming halocarbons

9. Naming halocarbons 1,4-dibromobenzene 1,3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene

10. Naming halocarbons 2-chloro-3-methylpentane

11. Boiling point of halocarbons

12. Boiling point of halocarbons Boiling points increase as you go down in group 7 because number of electrons are increasing. Halocarbons have higher boiling points than normal alkanes because they are bonded to group 7 elements (have high electronegativity )

13. 22.2 Alcohols , Ethers, and Amines Pages 792– 795

14. Identify the functional groups that characterize alcohols, ethers, and amines. Draw the structures of alcohols, ethers, and amines.

15. Alcohols R-OH 1,2,3-propanetriol Glycerol

16. Alcohols Only one oxygen Has an O-H group ( hydroxyl group ) Examples: - Methanol - Ethanol Alcohol: a hydrocarbon that has hydroxyl group.

17. Naming Alcohols 2-butanol 2,3-hexadiol 2,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol

18. Naming Alcohols 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanol

19. Ethers Ether: a hydrocarbon in which oxygen is bonded to carbon. methylether ethylmethylether

20. Comparison between alcohol and ether Because ethers have no hydrogen atoms bonded to the oxygen atom, their molecules cannot form hydrogen bonds with each other. Therefore, ethers are generally more volatile and have much lower boiling points than alcohols of similar size and mass.

21. Amines Amines: a hydrocarbon in which nitrogen is bonded to carbon. 1,1,4,4-butanetetraamine 1,3-propanediamine

22. 22.3 Carbonyl Compounds Pages 796– 801

23. Identify the structures of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. Discuss the properties of compounds containing the carbonyl group.

24. Carbonyl Compounds

25. Carbonyl Compounds C arbonyl group: An oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom . Aldehyde: organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is located at the end of the carbon chain . Aldehydes are named with the suffix –al Aldehyde

26. Ketone: an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded between two carbon atoms Ketones are named with the suffix –one Carbonyl Compounds Ketone

27. Naming aldehydes and ketones ethanal 2-propanone

28. Naming aldehydes and ketones 3-pentanone butanal

29. carboxylic acid: an organic compound that has a carboxyl group . Carboxyl group Carbonyl Compounds carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids are named by changing the – ane to – anoic acid -COOH

30. Naming carboxylic acids e thanoic acid m ethanoic acid butanoic acid

31. Properties of carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids are polar and reactive , and ionize in water to form acids . Which has higher polarity; alcohol (-OH) or carboxylic acids (-COOH)? Why? Carboxylic acid because the two oxygen atoms are highly electronegative

32. Exercise 1: What family does it belong to? alkene Only carbon and hydrogen A carbon to carbon double bond

33. Aldehyde Only one oxygen Has a C=O group

34. alcohol Only one oxygen Has an O-H group

35. Carboxylic acid Has 2 oxygens Has an O-H group

36. alkane Only carbon and hydrogen All single bonds

37. Exercise 2: This is a / an ….. alkane

38. alkene

39. aldehyde

40. alkane

41. alcohol

42. alkene

43. alkene

44. alkene

45. alkane

46. Alcohol

47. Aldehyde

48. alkane

49. Carboxylic acid

50. aldehyde

51. alcohol

52. Carboxylic acid

53. aldehyde

54. Carboxylic acid

55. Carboxylic acid