Characteristics and classification of mammals.pptx

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1. DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR NORTH LAKHIMPUR COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY TOPIC-CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MAMMALS GUIDED BY – Dr. TARUN CHANDRA TAID SUBMITTED BY – JUBLEE AUGUSTY BSC 2 ND SEMESTER 23BSC024

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLES CONCLUSION REFERENCE

3. Introduction To Mammals Mammals are a diverse group of warm blooded animals that have hair or fur and nourish their young ones with milk from mammary glands. They are the most widely distributed animals on the planet, inhabiting a vast range of environments from desert to the deepest oceans.

4. Characteristics of mammals 1. MAMMARY GLANDS : Mammals are defined by their ability to produce milk to nourish their young ones. 2. HAIR OR FUR : Mammals have hairs or fur covering their bodies, which helps regulate body temperature and provides protection. 3. WARM-BLOODED : Mammals are warm-blooded ,meani ng they can regulate their body temperature internally.

5. 4. LIVE BIRTH : Most mammals give birth to young ones, although there are some exceptions like monotremes(E.G platypus)that lay eggs. 5. DIAPHRAGM : Mammals have a diaphragm, a muscular partition that aids in breathing. 6. SPECIALISED TEETH : Mammals have different types of teeth(incisors, canines , premolars ,molars)

6. 7. BRAIN COMPLEXITY : Mammals typically have well-developed brains compared to other animals, allowing for complex behaviors and intelligence. 8. PARENTAL CARE : Mammals often exhibit parental care, including nurturing and protecting their offsprings. 9. DIVERSE ADAPTATIONS : Mammals have adapted to various habitats and lifestyles, leading to a diverse range of species from whales in the oceans to bats in the air elephants on lands.

7. CLASSIFICATION FLOWCHART

8. Subclass 1 – Prototheria (protos , first +theriosis ,beast) Primitive Reptile like oviparous Order 1. Monotremata (monos,single+trema,opening) Cloaca opening present Confined to Australian region. subclass 2-Th eria (ther ,animal) viviparous Marsupials and placental mammals Infraclass 1- Metatheria Pouched and viviparous. With or without rudiment yolk sac placenta Order 2 –Marsupialia Females with marsupium. Uterus and vagina double.. Duckbill or platypus didelphis

9. Infraclass 2- Eutheria Placental mammals. Vagina single. Order 3- Insectivora Snout long and tapered.. Teeth sharp, pointed. Feet usually 5 toed . Order 4-chiroptera Flying mammals. Eyes small with weak vision. Nocturnal . shrews moles Flying fox desmodis

10. Order 5- Dermoptera (derm,skin+pteron,wings) Resemble flying squirrels in appearance. Forelimbs equal and included with a tail in a wide,thin,furcovered parachute(patagium). Order 6- Ede ntata (toothless) Teeth reduced to molars in forepart of jaw. Toes clawed Order 7-Pholiodota (Pholis , a horny scale) Body covered by large overlapping plates with sparse hair between. No teeth. Tongue slender for capturing insects. Flying lemur Giant anteater pangolins

11. Order 8- Tubulidentata ( tubulus tube like +dens , tooth) Tongue slender. Protrusible. No incisors or canines. Skin thick with hair . Order 9- Primates (primus,of the first rank) Head turns readily on neck. Innermost toe and thumb usually opposable Order 10-Rodentia (Rodo, gnaw) Gnawing mammals. No canines. Gap between incisor and cheek teeth. Cape anteater apes squirrel

12. Order 11- Lagomorpha (logos, hare +morpho, form) Weak temporal muscles. No canines. Order 12- Cetacea (Cetus, a whale) Medium to large size. Body spindle shaped. Head long pointes directly jointed to body. No neck No claws Order 13- Sirenia (siren, sea nymph) Body spindle shaped, forelimbs paddle like. Hind limbs absent. No pinna. Mouth small ,lips fleshy. rabbit porpoise manatee

13. Order 14 –Carnivora (caro,flesh+vorare, to eat) Small to large carnivores. 5 toes with claws. Canines as fangs. Placenta zonary. Order 15 hyracoidea (hyrax, shrew + eidos , form) Small ,Guinea-pig like mammals, distantly related to elephants. Order 16- Proboscidea (pro, Infront + boskein, to eat) Largest living land animals Large heads, massive ears, nail-like hoofs.

14. Order 17 – Perissodactyla (perissos, odd+ dactylos,toes) Foots with odd number of toes. Functional axis of leg passing through middle. Stomach simple. Order 18- Artiodectayla (artios, even + dactylos , digit) Even toed hoofed mammals. Antlers or horns on head. Stomach with four compartments

15. Mammals, with their distinctive features like hair, milk production, and three middle ear ossicles, showcase incredible diversity and adaptability in ecosystems. Understanding and conserving these fascinating creatures is crucial for preserving biodiversity and our understanding of evolution . CONCLUSION

16. REFERENCE: VERTEBRATES ZOOLOGY BY R.L. KOTPAL GOOGLE