characterization of nanomaterials by technology

How do I define the shapes and size of nano articles? why using technologies are like x-ray

1. Nanomaterials Characterization Techniques

2. Importance of characterization of nanomaterials

3. Exploring the potentials of halophilic prokaryotes from a solar saltern for synthesizing nanoparticles: The case of silver and selenium SEM EDX XRD

4. X-ray diffraction(XRD) However, it is not suitable for amorphous materials and the XRD peaks are too broad for particles with a size below 3 nm. 6.3~30.63

5. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

6. Energy Dispersive X-ray ( EDX or EDS) Since each element has a unique atomic structure, it can distinguish X-rays that are characteristic of that element. used to identify the elemental composition of materials. 

7. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ( XPS ), also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ( ESCA ), is used to determine quantitative atomic composition and chemistry.

8. Many materials emit electrons when light shines upon them

9. An XPS spectra is created by plotting the number of electrons verses their binding energy. Structure of PET

10. difference between XPS and XRD? All of methods utilize X-rays in different ways which is why different kinds of information can be obtained from the sample with each one. XPS XRD The atoms of the sample’s surface absorb X-rays and emit electrons The atoms of the sample do not absorb X-rays at all, they just reflect them. Examines the elemental composition of a sample. Examines the crystallinity of a sample.

11. Reference 1. Boddolla , S.: A review on Characterization techniques of Nanomaterials. (2018) 2. Mourdikoudis , S., Pallares , R.M., Thanh, N.T.K.: Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties. Nanoscale. 10, 12871–12934 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR02278J 3. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), https://www.intertek.com/analysis/microscopy/edx/ 4. Abdollahnia , M., Makhdoumi , A., Mashreghi , M., Eshghi , H.: Exploring the potentials of halophilic prokaryotes from a solar saltern for synthesizing nanoparticles: The case of silver and selenium. PLoS One. 15, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0229886 5. López-Serrano, A., Olivas, R.M., Landaluze , J.S., Cámara, C.: Nanoparticles: a global vision. Characterization, separation, and quantification methods. Potential environmental and health impact. Analytical Methods. 6, 38–56 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C3AY40517F 6. Morgan, D.J.: Comments on the XPS Analysis of Carbon Materials. C 2021, Vol. 7, Page 51. 7, 51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/C7030051 7. Surface Analysis | Surface Analysis Techniques | Thermo Fisher Scientific - SA, https://www.thermofisher.com/sa/en/home/materials-science/xps-technology/multi-technique-workflow.html 8. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, https://serc.carleton.edu/msu_nanotech/methods/xps.html X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). (2018) Potter, Dominic. (2017). Re: What is difference between XRD and XPS methods?. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-is-difference-between-XRD-and-XPS-methods/59e0a0263d7f4b29614af362/citation/download .