CHAUKE TP TST SLIDESHARE PRESENTATION.pptx

Cell structure and organelles

1. CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANELLES Life Sciences, Grade 10, Term 1 Miss Chauke TP, University of Johannesburg

2. Contents The history of cell theory. The cell theory. What is a cell. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Plant and animal cell Cell organelles Cell wall Cell membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion Chloroplast

3. THE HISTORY OF CELL THEORY MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN and THEODOR SCHWANN 1838-1839: Developed the cell theory Plants & animals are made of groups of cells The cell is the basic unit of living organisms. ROBERT BROWN 1831: Describes the nucleus of a cell ROBERT HOOK 1662: Concept of cell looked at cork cells under microscope ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK 1632-1723: Developed microscope with one lens and discovered bacteria, blood cells, spermatozoa, protozoa. SCHLEIDEN, SCHWANN & VIRCHOW compiled the cell theory AUGUST WEISMANN 1880: Expanded the cell theory more: All cells can be traced to their origin Rudolph Virchow 1855: Expanded the cell theory: New cells are formed by division of existing cells (mitosis).

4. The cell theory BY Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow All living organisms are made up of cells Cells are the smallest unit of life and can only be seen using a microscope. New cells are formed from existing cells through mitosis (cell division). Cells consist of genes suitable for growth, functioning, and development of living organisms (Mohammed, 2025).

5. WHAT IS A CELL?

6. TWO TYPE OF CELLS

7. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC.

8. STRUCTURE OF A PLANT CELL Figure 1: A diagram of a plant cell with nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out certain specific functions (Shahrukh, 2025).

9. ANIMAL CELL Figure 2: A diagram of an animal cells with labeled organelles (Dhanashree, 2025).

10. The difference between plant and animal cell. PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL Cell wall Cell membrane Large vacuole Small vacuoles Chloroplast Lysosomes Regular shape Irregular shape

11. Different organelles in a cell. CELL WALL (only in plant cell): The cell wall is a rigid protective layer found outside the cell membrane in many organisms. Provides mechanical strength and determines the shape of the cell. CELL MEMBRANE : The cell membrane, also known as plasma membrane consist of 2 phospholipids and proteins in between to control what goes in and out of the cell (Rashda, 2023) Provides mechanical strength and determines the shape of the cell

12. Nucleus The nucleus is often called the control center of the cell because it houses genetic material in nucleolus and enables multicellular activities. It is enclosed by double membrane with nuclear pore providing protection for the nucleus and allowing selective permeability (Shahid, 2020).

13. MITOCHONDRION Consist of two membranes: The outer smooth and inner membrane (folds) called cristae. Filled with metrix (stroma) consisting of DNA and ribosomes FUNCTION Used in the process of cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP (Jayanti, 2024) Figure 3: A diagram of a mitochondrion with specified structures to enable it to perform its function (Jayanti, 2024).

14. CHLOROPLAST Found in plant cell only. Enclosed by double membrane Filled with stroma and thylakoids and chlorophyII arranged in the form of grana. Functions Used during the process of photosynthesis Trap light energy Used in the Calvin cycle (Shahid, 2025). Figure 4: A labeled diagram of a chloroplast showing different structures (Shahid, 2025).

15. References Buikeii , O. (2025). Cell Structure and function. [Online]. Available from Slideshare at: www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cell_-structure_-function-and-its-detailed-introduction-ppt/282338096 [Accessed 16 August 2025]. Dhanashree, S. (2025). Cell structure and organelles. [Online]. Available from Slideshare at: www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cell-structure-organelles-in-detailed/282305130 [Accessed 17 August 2025]. Jayanti, K. (2024). Structure and function of mitochondria. [Online]. Available from Slideshare at: www.slideshare.net/ManikandanDan/lecture-structure-and-function-of-mitochondriapptx [Accessed 17 August 2025]. Mohammed, M. (2025). Cell the fundamental unit of life. [Online]. Available from Slideshare at: www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cells-introduction-and-definition-1-pptx/282491998 [Accessed 16 August 2025].

16. References continue… Rashda, K. (2023). Celluar level of organization. [Online]. Available from Slideshare at: www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cellular-level-of-organisationpptx/258668306 [Accessed 17 August 2025]. Shahid, A. (2020) The nucleus. [online]. Available from Slideshare at: www.slideshare.net/alizayshehzad/the-nucleus-128382309 [Accessed 16 August 2025]. Shahkurh , A. (2025). Plant cells. [Online]. Available from Slideshare at: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/plant-cell-description-and-characteristics/282470059 [Accessed 17 August 2025]. Shahid. A. (2025). A fundamental unit of life. [Online]. Available from Slideshare at: www.slideshare.net/slideshow/a-fundamental-unit-of-life-cell-by-s-shahid/282403249 [Accessed 17 August 2025].

17. CLARIFICATION. ANY QUESTIONS???

18. THE END!!! “Education is the key to success”