CHEMICAL FREACTION.pptx tsh chemistry tsh

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1. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD|

2. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| PHYSICAL CHANGES CHEMICAL CHANGES

3. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| A Chemical Reaction is a process that occurs when two or more molecules interact to form a new product(s). Compounds that interact to produce new compounds are called reactants whereas the newly formed compounds are called products. CHEMICAL REACTIONS The rate of reaction depends on and is affected by factors like pressure, temperature, the concentration of reactants. A chemical reaction follows the law of conservation of mass. That is no atom is destroyed or created but only a new product is formed from reactants.

4. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| Let us consider an actual chemical reaction between Methane(CH₄) and Oxygen (O2),

5. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| BALANCED CHEMICAL REACTIONS

6. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS 1)COMBINATION REACTION 2)DECOMPOSITION REACTION 3)DISPLACEMENT REACTION 4)DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT TREACTION 5)PRECIPITATION REACTION 6)ENDOTHERMIC REACTIOON 7)EXOTHERMIC REACTION

7. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| COMBINATION REACTION A combination reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single new substance. Combination reactions can also be called synthesis reactions. A+B→AB.

8. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| Carbon and oxygen combine to form Carbon Dioxide gas C (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l) Formation of magnesium carbonate from magnesium oxide and Carbon Dioxide 2MgO + 2 CO2 → 2 MgCO3 Formation of ammonium sulphate from ammonia gas and sulphuric acid 2NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4 )2 SO4

9. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| DECOMPOSITION REACTION A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more substances.

10. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| CaO (s) + CO2(g ) CaCO3(s) 2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2 H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

11. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| DISPLACEMENT REACTION A single displacement reaction occurs when another element in a compound is replaced by an element . Cl2( aq ) + 2NaBr( aq ) → 2NaCl( aq ) + Br2( aq ) Cu(s) + 2AgNo3( aq ) → 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2( aq )

12. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| Double Displacement Reaction Double displacement reactions occur when a part of two ionic compounds is exchanged and makes two new components. Double displacement reactions take place mostly in aqueous solutions wherein the ions precipitate and exchange of ions takes place .

13. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| A double displacement reaction is a type of reaction where part of of one reactant is replaced by part of another reactant BaCl2​(aq)+Na2​SO4​(aq)→BaSO4​(s)+2NaCl(aq)

14. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| Precipitation Reaction “ a chemical reaction occurring in an aqueous solution where two ionic bonds combine, resulting in the formation of an insoluble salt”. Precipitation reactions are usually double displacement reactions involving the production of a solid form residue called the precipitate. AgNO3(aqueous) + KCl (aqueous) —– AgCl (precipitate) + KNO3(aqueous) Mg(OH)2(s) + 2HCl (aqueous) ——— MgCl2(aqueous) + 2H2O(l)

15. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| Endothermic Reaction Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products. NH4Cl (s) + H2O (l) ⟶ NH4Cl (aq) – Heat

16. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| An Exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the release of energy in the form of heat or light. Exothermic Reaction CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Heat Combustion Combustion refers to the process where a substance burns in the presence of Oxygen, giving off heat and light in the process. These reactions give out good amounts of energy in the form of heat, but also form some byproducts such as smoke

17. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| Respiration an Exothermic Reaction? Respiration is the process by which humans take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. The chemical equation of this process can be represented as follows: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

18. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| When a reactant loses electrons during a reaction, it is called oxidation. OXIDATION 1. Addition of oxygen: C + O2 → CO2 (oxidation of carbon) 2. Addition of electronegative element: Fe + S → FeS (oxidation of Iron) 3. Removal of hydrogen: H2S + Br2 → 2 HBr + S (oxidation of sulphide ) 4. Removal of electropositive elements: 2 KI + H2O2 → I2 + 2 KOH (oxidation of iodide )

19. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| REDUCTION 1. Addition of hydrogen: N2 + 3 H2 → 2NH3 ( reduction of nitrogen) 2. Addition of electropositive element: SnCl2 + 2HgCl2 → SnCl4 + Hg2Cl2 ( reduction of mercuric chloride) 3. Removal of oxygen ZnO + C → Zn + CO (reduction of zinc oxide) 4. Removal of electronegative element 2FeCl3 + H2 → 2FeCl2 + 2HCl (reduction of ferric chloride) When a reactant accumulates electrons during a reaction, it is called reduction.

20. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| REDOX REACTION A redox reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred between two reactants participating in it.

21. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD| Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) The oxidation half-reaction can be written as Zn → Zn2+ + 2e– The reduction half-reaction can be written as Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu

22. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD|

23. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD|

24. CHEMICAL REACTIONS : CHEMISTRY| CLASS 10| |CBSE|UP BOARD|