Chemical Garden

This is one of the presentations I made for my school project. Hope you like it.
Please let me know if there needs to be any changes. :)
Momina Allahwala

1. The Topic of my presentation is… AsalamuAlikum !

2. C hemical G arden .

3. The Chemical Garden was found by Johann Rudolf Glauber in 1646. Discovered by:

4. What is a Chemical Garden ? Definition: Chemical gardens are plant-like structures formed on placing together a soluble metal salt, often in the form of a seed crystal, and an aqueous solution of one of many anions, often sodium silicate.

5. Introduction The chemical garden was found by Johann Rudolf Glauber in 1646. He originally used ferrous chloride crystals into a solution of potassium silicate. Its works by adding solid transition metal salts to an aqueous solution of sodium silicate when the metal ions react with the sodium silicate to form a thin membrane of insoluble metal silicate (caused by osmosis), which grows to look like a garden.

6. What are Transition Metals ? Properties: They are all metals. They are all shiny.

7. Most transition metals form colored compounds . They have several stable oxidation states or valences.

8. They are all good conductors of heat and electricity . They have high melting and boiling points.

9. Many are  used as catalysts, either as the metal itself or as some of their compounds. They form complex ions, with various co-ordination numbers and geometries.

10. Many form compounds which have unpaired electrons .

11. What you will need… A glass container. -These are the things needed for the experiment:

12. Sodium silicate solution Water

13. Salt crystals. Such as: Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)

14. Manganese Chloride (MnCl2) Copper Chloride (CuCl2)

15. Chromium Nitrate (CrCl3) Nickel Chloride ( Ni(NO3)2 )

16. Ferric Chloride (FeCl3 ) Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2) Or any other Salts.

17. And for our protection: Rubber Gloves. Tweezers

18. A pair of eye protection goggles.

19. Procedure/Method: Make the garden by placing a thin layer of sand on the bottom of a glass container (optional). Add the mixture consisting of the sodium silicate solution with some amount of distilled water . (You can make the sodium silicate your self)

20. The action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution. Add crystals or chunks of metal salts . (Precaution: If you add too many ‘rocks’ the solution will turn cloudy and immediate precipitation will occur. A slow precipitation will give you a nice chemical garden.) Now wait for the garden to grow.

21. Once the garden has grown, you can replace the sodium silicate with pure water.

22. The garden is formed because transition metal silicates are insoluble in water and are colored. A metal salt forms an insoluble silicate by a double decomposition reaction. The silicate is semi permeable membrane. Osmotic increase the pressure with in the membrane because the ionic strength inside the membrane is higher than sodium silicate's. This tears the membrane, but the metal’s Principles :

23. cat-ion react with the silicate’s anions and forms a new solid. This keeps happening over and over again till it grows. If the density of the fluid inside the membrane was lower then the surrounding solution, it would grow downwards.

24. Result : After a matter of time you will observe… That’s All folks!

25. Hope you liked our Presentation!  JazakaAllah!