Chemistry behineds firecrakers

What can you tell us about the chemical reactions that go into a fireworks display?
Traditionally, three reagents, potassium nitrate, carbon, and sulfur, make gunpowder. You're doing a combustion reaction out of those types of materials that create
this detonation explosion.

1. CHEMISTRY BEHIND FIRECRACKERS PRESENTED BY MAYUR HARSUKHBHAI MARVANIYA M.Sc CHEMISTRY (SEM-I ) 20MSC01014

2. INTRODUCTION Firecrackers are a low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purpose.The most common use of a crakers is as part of a celebration. The art of pyrotechnic is one of the ancient chinese discovery .The discovery of fireworks or the formation of fireworks are is from gunpowder.Which is believed to have occurred by chance approximately 2000 year ago in china.

3. COMPOSITION The chemistry of fireworks based on simple theory of combustion.Here, The composition inside the firework contain 6 vital ingredient. 1.Fuel 2.Oxidizing agent 3.Reducing agent 4.Regulator 5.Blinder 6.Colouring agent

4. FUEL Charcoal commonly known as black powder is the most common fuel used in fireworks. The fuel lose electron to the atom within oxidizer thereby reducing the oxidizer and releasing atom from the oxidizer. During this process bonds are formed between fuel and oxygen atoms for combustion of this compound they require minimal energy. When combustion does start, the result is a massive release of energy as the solid mixture liquefies and evaporates into the flame of ignition .

5. Oxidising Agent Redox Reactions The function of the oxidising agent is to produce the oxygen needed in order for the mixture inside the firework to burn. These oxidisers can be KNO 3 , KClO 3 or KClO 4 . Reducing Agent Reducing agent burn the oxygen provided by the oxidising agents to produce hot gasses. Common reducing agents are Sulphur and Charcoal.These react with the oxygen to form Sulphur dioxide and Carbon dioxide respectively as illustrated below . 4KN O 3 (s) →2K 2 O (s) + 2N 2 (g) + 5 O 2 (g) S + O 2 → SO 2 CO 2 → C + O 2

6. REGULATOR Metals can be added to regulate the speed at which the reaction proceed. The larger the surface area of the metal, the faster the reaction will proceed. BINDERS Binders are used to hold what is essentially the mixture of the firework together in a paste like mixture. The most commonly used binder is known as dextrin, a type of starch which holds the composition together ?

7. The beautiful colors we see are the result of atomic and molecular emission and incandescence. Incandescence occurs when an extremely hot compound releases radiation. EMISSION-ABSOPTION COLOURING AGENT Strontium salts  RED COLOUR Calcium salts ORANGE COLOUR Sodium salts YELLOW COLOUR Barium salts  GREEN COLOUR Copper salts  BLUE COLOUR Mg & Al salts WHITE COLOUR

8. FUTURE CHALLENGE We are know about that type of chemical use in crackers and smoked form from crackers are very dangerous to health and also not good for our environment. The air and noise pollution’s that are caused by firecrackers can affect people with disorders related to heart, respiratory and nervous system . POLLUTION DUE TO FIRECRACKERS Air pollution: The major air pollutants released by firecrackers explosions are, 1.Sulphur dioxide(SO 2 ) 2.Oxides of nitrogen( NOx ) Noise pollution: Fireworks can exceed 140 decibels and noise at 85 decibels or above can hearing.Noise from firework scares pets and wildlife like birds,etc.

9. Here is how the chemicals used in crackers affect our Health: → Copper: Irritates the respiratory tract. → Cadmium: Leads to anemia by reducing the capacity of blood to carry oxygen. → Zinc: Can cause metal fume fever and induces vomiting. → Lead: Harms the nervous system. → Magnesium: Metal fume fever is caused by Magnesium fumes. → Sodium: It is a highly reactive element and caused burns when it is combined with moisture.

10. THANK YOU!