Chemistry ppt for engineering Chemistry

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1. Projection Formulae Of Stereoisomer Name:- SURAT PARH Student code:-BWU/BTD/23/143 Programme Name:-B.Tech CSE(DS) Course Name:-Engineering Chemistry Course Code:-BSCD201 Department:-Computer Science And Engineering

2. 1 Introduction to Projection Formulae of Stereoisomers Projection formulae are 2D representations used to depict the three-dimensional structure of stereoisomers. They provide a simplified way to visualize the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules. Common types of projection formulae include Fischer projections, Newman projections, and Haworth projections.

3. 2 Fischer Projections Fischer projections are commonly used for representing chiral molecules. In Fischer projections, the horizontal lines represent bonds that project out of the plane, while vertical lines represent bonds that project into the plane. The vertical lines in Fischer projections represent bonds going away from the viewer, while the horizontal lines represent bonds coming towards the viewer.

4. 3 Newman Projections Newman projections are used to represent the conformation of acyclic molecules. In Newman projections, the front carbon is viewed along the bond axis to the rear carbon. The front carbon is represented as a circle, while the rear carbon is represented as a dot.

5. 4 Sawhorse Projections Sawhorse projections are a hybrid of Fischer and Newman projections. They are used to represent the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Sawhorse projections provide a more accurate representation of the 3D structure compared to Fischer projections.

6. 5 Haworth Projections Haworth projections are commonly used for representing cyclic molecules, such as carbohydrates. In Haworth projections, the ring is drawn as a flat polygon with the substituents on the ring drawn above or below the plane. The orientation of the substituents in Haworth projections can affect the stereochemistry of the molecule.

7. 6 Stereoisomerism in Projection Formulae Projection formulae are crucial for understanding the stereochemistry of molecules. They help in distinguishing between different stereoisomers, such as enantiomers and diastereomers. By using projection formulae, chemists can visualize and analyze the spatial arrangement of atoms in complex molecules.

8. 7 Application of Projection Formulae in Organic Chemistry Projection formulae are widely used in organic synthesis to plan and predict the outcome of reactions. They play a key role in determining the stereochemistry of reaction products. Understanding projection formulae is essential for designing efficient synthetic routes in organic chemistry.

9. 8 Limitations of Projection Formulae While projection formulae are valuable tools, they have limitations. Projection formulae may oversimplify the true 3D structure of molecules. It is important to supplement projection formulae with other visualization methods, such as molecular modeling, to get a complete picture of the molecular structure.

10. 9 Summary Projection formulae, including Fischer, Newman, Sawhorse, and Haworth projections, are essential for visualizing the 3D structure of stereoisomers. They play a crucial role in understanding the stereochemistry of molecules and predicting reaction outcomes in organic chemistry. While projection formulae have limitations, they are powerful tools for chemists to analyze and manipulate molecular structures.