Chemistry Subject about Preparation of Salt 10th Grade

introduce about preparation of salt , chemistry grade 10th

1. Preparation of Salt Definition of Salt a. Salt as a compound formed from an acid by the replacement of the hydrogen in the acid by a metal or by ammonium ions. b. Salt are ionic compound  made by the neutralisation of an acid with base (alkali). T he reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction. 1. Acid + Base  Salt + Water E.g ; HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H₂O H₂SO₄ + Cu(OH)₂  CuSO₄ + H₂O HNO₃ + KOH  KNO₃ + H₂O 2 . *) acid + metal → salt + hydrogen E.g ; Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂ *) base + metal  salt + hydrogen -> Zinc is the only metal which reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium zincate with the release of hydrogen gas. E.g ; Zn + 2NaOH → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂

2. 3 . Reaction of Metal Carbonates & Bicarbonates with Acids acid + metal carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water -> Acids react with metal carbonates or bicarbonates to form salt and water with the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. For Example: i . ) Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium chloride and water with the release of carbon dioxide gas . Na₂CO₃(s ) + 2HCl(aq ) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO₂(g ) + H₂O(l ) ii . ) Similarly , sodium bicarbonate also reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride and water with the release of carbon dioxide gas . NaHCO₃(s ) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + CO₂(g ) + H₂O(l )

3. 4 . Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids ( acid + oxide metal → salt + water ) Copper oxide (II), a black metal oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form a blue-green coloured copper chloride (II) solution. CuO + 2HCl → CuCl₂(aq ) + H₂O 5 . Reaction of Non-Metallic Oxides with Base ( base + oxide metal → salt + water ) Calcium hydroxide reacts with non-metallic oxides like carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate salt and water . Ca(OH )₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O 6 . Reaction of Metallic hydroxide with Acids ( acid + hydroxide metal → salt + water ) Zn(OH)₂ (s) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O(l )

4. Activity 1 : Fill in the blank to complete the word equation

5. Activity 2 : Fill in the blank to complete the word equation Mg + H₂SO₄  ........... + .............. Cu + HCl  .............. + ............... Fe + HNO₃  .............. + ............ HCl + Ca(OH) ₂  ........ + ............ H₂SO₄ + NaOH  ............... + ............ HF + Ba (OH) ₂  ................... + ................ Mg + 2HNO ₃  .................. + .................. Zn + 2HCl  ........... + ...................... Activity 3 : Fill in the blank to complete the word equation

6. Activity 4 : Complete the following reactions 1. Acid + metal → …………………. + ……………………… 2. Acid + alkali (metal hydroxide) → …………………. + ……………………… 3. Acid + metal carbonate → ……………. + ………………… + …………………… 4. Acid + oxide metal → ............ + ................ 5. Acid + hydroxide metal → ............ + ................ 6. Acid + Base → ............ + ................ Activity 5 : Complete the following reactions 1. Calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid → ........................ + ............ 2. Ammonium hydroxide + sulfuric acid → …………………. + ……………… 3. Calcium carbonate + nitric acid →.....……………. + ……………………… 4. Magnesium + nitric acid → …………………. + ……………………… 5. Copper carbonate + hydrochloric acid → …………………. + ……………..