Chemotherapy of malignancy

Malignancy is most familiar as a characterization of cancer.Chemotherapy is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen

1. Chemotherapy of Malignancy Atul Prajapati PHM-17-19

2. What is Malignancy Malignancy =CANCER Cancer  is a group of diseases involving abnormal  cell growth  with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

3. Possible  signs and symptoms Lump A bnormal bleeding P rolonged cough U nexplained   weight loss, and C hange in  bowel movement. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes

4. Characteristic of C ancer cell Uncontrolled (autonomous) proliferation Dedifferentiation and loss of function Invasiveness Metastasis

5. The Cell Cycle Malignant cells go through normal mitosis, but synthesize DNA and divide at a faster rate Most chemo drugs exert antineoplastic effects during DNA synthesis (S-phase) or mitosis Cell Cycle Specific (CCS) drugs Other chemo drugs sterilize tumor cells whether they are cycling or resting in the Go compartment Cell Cycle Non-Specific (CCNS)

6. Cell Cycle Go(gap 0 or resisting) non-proliferative phase G1(gap i.e. presynthetic ) phase S (synthetic) phase G2(gap 2 i.e. post-synthetic) phase M (mitotic) phase

7. Classification of Antineoplastic Agents / Anticancer Drugs  Alkylating Agents Nitrogen mustards: Melphalan , Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide Nitrosoureas Alkylsulfonates Ethyleneimines Triazene Methyl Hydrazines Platinum Coordination complexes: Cisplatin , Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin Antimetabolites Folate Antagonists: Methotrexate Purine antagonists Pyrimidine antagonists: 5-Fluorouracil, Cytarabibe

8. Anticancer Drugs Natural Products Plant Products Vinca Alkaloids: Vincristine, Vinblastine Taxanes : Paclitaxel, Docetaxel Epipodophyllotoxins : Etoposide Camptothecins : Irinotecan Microorganism Products Antibiotics: Doxorubicin, Bleomycin Enzymes: L- Asparaginase

9. Anticancer Drugs Miscellaneous Hydroxyurea Imatinib Mesylate Rituximab Epirubicin Bortezomib Zoledronic Acid Geftinib Leucovorin Pamidronate Gemcitabine

10. Anticancer Drugs Hormones and Antagonists Corticosteroids: Prednisone, Dexamethasone Estrogens : Ethinyloestradiol Antiestrogens : Tamoxifen Progesteron derivative: Megestrol Acetate Androgen: Testosterone propionate Antiandrogen : Flutamide , Bicalutamide Aromatase inhibitor: Letrozole , Anastrazole 5-alpha reductase inhibitor: Finasteride GnRH Analogue: Leuprolide , Buserelin Growth Hormone, glucagon and insulin inhibitor: Octreotide

11. Types of Cancer Types of Cancer Affected Area Anal cancer Anus Breast Cancer Breast Bladder Cancer Urinary Bladder Bone marrow Cancer Shafts of long bones Colon Cancer Colon Cervical Cancer Cervix Eye Cancer Eye Wilms tumour Kidney Leukemia Blood Larynx Cancer Larynx

12. Types of CANCER

13. Antineoplastic Products / Anticancer Drugs Sr. No. Product (INJECTION) Spec. Strengths Pack Size 1 Cyclophosphamide Injection BP,USP 200mg, 500mg, 1gm 1 vial 2 Methotrexate Injection BP 25mg 1 vial 3 Fluorouracil Injectrion BP 50mg 1x5 amp 4 Cisplatin Injection BP 1mg 1 vial 5 Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Injection BP,USP 2mg 1 vial 6 Irinotecan Hydrochloride Injection IP 20mg 1 vial

14. Anticancer (INJECTION)

15. Antineoplastic Products / Anticancer Drugs Sr. No. Product (TABLETS) Spec. Strengths Pack Size (Strip) 1 Tamoxifen Citrate Tablets BP,USP 10mg, 20mg 10's 2 Methotrexate Tablets BP 2.5mg, 5.0mg, 7.5mg 10's 3 Bicalutamide Tablets USP 50mg 10's 4 Anastrozole Tablets Inhouse 1mg 10's 5 Letrozole Tablets USP 2.5mg 10's

16. Anticancer (TABLETS)

17. Antineoplastic Products / Anticancer Drugs Sr. No. Product (CAPSULES) Spec. Strengths Pack Size 1 Hydroxyurea Capsules USP 500mg 10's strip 2 Imatinib Capsules Inhouse 100mg, 400mg 10's jar 3 Temozolomide Capsules Inhouse 20mg, 100mg, 250mg 5's jar 4 Etoposide Capsules IP,USP 50mg, 100mg 4's, 8's jar

18. Anticancer (CAPSULES)

19. Radioactive Isotopes Radioiodine [ Sodium   I-131] W idely used to diagnose and treat thyroid disorders, such as thyroid cancer, and I-131 has been used as the treatment of choice for metastatic thyroid cancer for more than 60  years  

20. Radioactive Isotopes Radioactive Phosphorus [ Sodium 32 P ] Treatment for some blood disorders, including one called polycythaemia  vera  Polycythaemia vera means that your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells

21. Response to chemotherapy may be judged by: Improvement of the sense of living of well-being of patient Decrease in tumour markers Normalization of organ function Shrinkage of the tumour mass

22. Strive to improve quality of life of Patient Maintenance of nutrition Treatment of anemia and neutropenia Protection from infection Control of symptoms Occupational and physiotherapy Adequate emotional and spiritual support