Child abuse

Child abuse

1. “ So long as little children are allowed to suffer, there is no true love in this world ” Duncan

2. Children Rights There is clear evidence that child abuse is a global problem. It occurs in a variety of forms and is deeply rooted in cultural, economic and social practices. Before defining “ child abuse ” its crucial to get informed about “ children ’ s rights ” in the first place.

3. PRIORITIES Right to Education Access to quality, free, compulsory primary education. Non-Discrimination in access to education (gender gap). (Aims of Education: art. 29) Right to leisure, recreation and cultural activities.

4. Right to Health Access to quality health services Rights of children with disabilities Adolescents and reproductive health knowledge Right to benefit from social security Right to an adequate standard of living

5. Right to Special Protection Protection from all forms of exploitation (economic, sexual). Violence against children (physical, psychological & sexual). Female Genital Mutilation & early marriage. Torture and deprivation of liberty for juvenile in conflict with the law Hazardous occupations. Smoking, substance abuse, and trafficking. Street children.

6. Is this child abuse? A girl is slapped for screaming at her mother; the slap stings, but leaves no lasting mark or pain. A boy is punished in a way that requires stitches. A father burns his daughter’s palms with a lighted cigarette when he finds her smoking. A mother is careless and spills scalding coffee on her daughter, who is seriously burned.

7. Discussion Is there a difference between child abuse and discipline? Where do we draw the line? Define Child Abuse. What do you considered child abuse?

8. Child Abuse In 1999, the WHO Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention compared definitions of abuse from 58 countries and drafted the following definition: ‘‘ Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child ’ s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power. ’’

9. Definition of Child Abuse “ The physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or exploitation, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child ’ s welfare under circumstances which indicate that the child ’ s health or welfare is harmed or threatened. ” Child Welfare Act

10. Another Definition “ Any behavior directed toward a child that endangers or impairs a child ’ s physical or emotional health and development ”

11. Types of Child Abuse physical abuse sexual abuse emotional abuse neglect

12. Physical Abuse non-accidental injury of a child that leaves marks, scars, bruises, or broken bones. Physical indicators: unexplained bruises, burns, human bites, broken bones, missing hair, scratches. Behavioral indicators of physical abuse: wary of physical contact with adults, behavioral extremes (aggressive or withdrawn), frightened of parents, afraid to go home, cheating, stealing, lying (a sign that expectations in the home are too high), layered clothing.

13. Emotional Abuse Emotional abuse includes the failure of a caregiver to provide an appropriate and supportive environment, and includes acts that have an adverse effect on the emotional health and development of a child. Such acts include restricting a child ’ s movements, ridicule, threats and discrimination, rejection and other nonphysical forms of hostile treatment.

14. Neglect – failure of parents or caretakers to provide needed, age appropriate care including food, clothing, shelter, protection from harm, and supervision appropriate to the child’s development, hygiene, and medical care. Physical indicators of neglect: constant hunger, poor hygiene, excessive sleepiness, lack of appropriate supervision, unattended physical problems or medical needs, abandonment, inappropriate clothing for weather conditions. Behavioral indicators of neglect: begging or stealing food, frequent sleepiness, lack of appropriate supervision, unattended physical problem or medical needs, abandonment.

15. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE Definition Child sexual abuse is the exploitation of a child or adolescent for the sexual gratification of another person.

16. Sodomy Oral-genital stimulation Verbal stimulation Exhibitionism SEXUALLY ABUSIVE BEHAVIORS Voyeurism Fondling Child prostitution Child pornography Intercourse

17. Three Major Components of Child Abuse Child + Care Giver + Stress = Child Abuse

18. Health Consequences of Child Abuse

19. Health Consequences of Child Abuse (cont.)

20. IDENTIFYING PHYSICAL ABUSE Normal childhood development Conditions that may be confused with abuse Unintentional vs intentional injury

21. Recognizing Abuse Injuries... Skin Injuries Tears Human Bite Marks Hair Loss Falls Head, facial, oral injuries Shaken baby Syndrome

22. Human Bites Strongly suggest abuse Easily overlooked Location of bite marks on infants differ from sites on older children

23. Bruises fresh injury is red to blue 1-3 days deep black or purple 3-6 days color changes to green and then brown 6-15 days: green to yellow to faded, then disappears The younger the child the quicker the color resolves.

24. Bruises

25. Burns Abusive Burn Patterns Scald: Immersion & Splash Burns Flexion Burns Contact Burns

26. Burns

27. Suspicious Fractures

28. Falls In most cases, falls cause a minor injury. If a child is reported to have had a routine fall but has what appear to be severe injuries, the inconsistency of the history with the injury indicates child abuse.

29. Head, Facial, Oral Injuries Head is a common area of injury. Approx. 50 % of physical abuse patients have head or facial injuries. Injuries to the sides of the face, ears, cheeks, and temporal area are highly suspicious for abuse. Mouth/lip/teeth injuries

30. Role of Family Physician in Child Abuse Protect Suspect Inspect Collect Respect

31. Protect... Patient/family and team safety are paramount. Protect the life of the patient as well as as much evidence as possible.

32. Suspect... Does the history fit what you are seeing- either injury or illness? Is this a repeat patient or family member of a repeat patient? Is there a history of family violence?

33. Collect... Collect as much evidence as possible, including … physical and trace evidence information

34. Respect... Respect the right to refuse Respect diversity Respect privacy

35. Common Features of Successful Child Abuse Prevention Programs _______________________________________ Strengthen family and community connections and support. Counseling / phychotherapy to the parents regarding child rearing practices. Treat parents as vital contributors to their children's growth and development. Create opportunities for parents to feel empowered to act on their own behalf. Respect the integrity of the family.

36. Enhance parents' capability to foster the optimal development of their children and themselves. Establish links with community support systems. Provide settings where parents and children can gather, interact, support and learn from each other. Enhance coordination and integration of services needed by families. Enhance community awareness of the importance of healthy parenting practices.

37. Reporting the abuse Report the abuse. Children’s Justice Center (sexual abuse only) 370-8554 Local Police Division of Child and Family Services, Daytime 374-7005, after-hours-376-8261 . UNDER LAW , EVERYONE HAS A LEGAL OBLIGATION TO REPORT SUSPICION OR KNOWLEDGE OF CHLD ABUSE!!!!

38. What to do. Be open and understanding. Don’t try to conduct an investigation, yourself. If the child tells you of the sexual abuse immediately after it occurred, DO NOT bathe the child, or wash or change his or her clothes. Let the child talk as much as he or she wishes. Understand that the child is probably having mixed feelings. Believe the child. Explain what you will do next to help them.

39. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION, REHABILITATION AND INTEGRATION OF STREET CHILDREN Ensure all rights of street children through: 􀂄 Changing the community's negative perception. 􀂄 Building a comprehensive database. 􀂄 Capacity building for cadres dealing with street children. 􀂄 Introducing legal amendments and strengthening enforcement mechanisms. 􀂄 Supporting NGOs caring for street children from drug abuse, violence and exploitation. 􀂄 Demonstrating vocational, health and psychological rehabilitation services. 􀂄 Expanding the social net programs and direct services for poor families to eradicate root causes of the problem.

40. أطفال الشوارع

41. JUVENILE JUSTICE 􀂄 Ensure protection of rights of children in conflict with the law. 􀂄 Define criminal responsibility and penalty in proportion to child age. 􀂄 Initiate measures to protect children against delinquency. 􀂄 Monitor juvenile courts effectiveness. 􀂄 Promote physical and psychological rehabilitation 􀂄 Establish family friendly courts.

42. conclusion Child abuse is a serious concern now a days, to reduce these type of abuses it is primary factor of the child welfare services to implement certain actions to reduce the incidence of the child abuse. SO LETS ALL… PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN

43. Thank You