Child-and-Adolescent-Development-Learner and the learning principles

The Child and Adolescents Learners

1. CPE 100 - The Child and Adolescent Learner and the Learning Principles Prof. Evelyn I. Dominguez,PhD RPsy,RGC

2. This is a three-unit course which focuses on child and adolescent development with emphasis on current research and theory on biological, linguistic, cognitive, social and emotional dimensions of development .

3. Activity : 1. Getting to know You a.) Introduce Yourself –Name ,Course, Where graduated b.) Why this course? What is the importance of studying Child and Adolescent in relation to your course? 2. Expectation Setting /Level Off 3. Classroom Rules 4. Reporting Schedules/Course Requirements

4. Grade Components: Attendance/Participation 10% Quizzes, Activities, Assignments 40% Term Exams 30% Final Requirements 20%

5. Nature & Nurture in Human Development ( Michel Boivin-UNESCO) Nature  is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors   Nurture  is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception, e.g., the product of exposure, life experiences and learning on an individual

6. Growth and Development Growth – is a biological and physical changes that a certain individual undergoes in the course of a lifespan. Development  refers to a process of gradual transformation. It refers to the psychological changes that occur in an individual during the process of growing.

7. Developmental Tasks/Milestones Age appropriate behaviors or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. Rolling over, crawling, walking, and talking are all considered milestones. The milestones are different for each age range. There is a normal range in which a child may reach each milestone.

8. Developmental Milestones in Children and Adolescents

9. Developmental Stages Pre-Natal --- 0 – 9 mos Infancy --- Birth to One year (b-1) Toddler --- One to three Years (1-3) Pre-Schooler --- Three to Six Year (3-6) School Age --- Six to Twelve Years (6-12) Adolescent --- Twelve to Sixteen(12- 16)

10. Characteristics of Human Development – A life Span Approach (Santrock,2002) 1. Development is Life Long – continuous process 2. Development is plastic - plasticity refers to the potential for change. No one is too old to change. 3. Development is multidimensional – it is a product of biological, cognitive and socio-emotional processes. 3.1 Development is relatively orderly- It follows a pattern . a.) Proximodistal – Muscular control from trunk and the arms to the hands and fingers. b.) Cephalo- caudal – From the head to the bottom( From the head to the neck, shoulders, middle trunk and so on.)

11. 3.2 Development takes place gradually. Takes time to develop, no shortcut In terms of biological, cognitive, socio-emotional) 4 . Development is contextual – Individuals are changing beings in a changing world . Biological, cognitive and socio-emotional make up vary, therefore individuals develop differently. 5. Development involves growth, maintenance and regulation- these are the three goals in development. Growth takes a back seat during middle and late childhood while maintenance and regulation are at work.

12. The Stages pf Development and the Developmental Tasks Pre-Natal Period ( 0-9 mos. ) – Union of egg and sperm to form an organism called Life . Infancy (From Birth to 2 yrs ) “ newborn,infants ” During infancy, the child is totally dependent on the caregiver for the fulfillment of his/her needs. The child experiences rapid growth during this period. Childhood (Early Childhood – 2-8 yrs old ; Middle-Late Childhood- 9-12 yrs old) At this time, the child refines his/her skills learned in earlier years. Form basic to more complex, he/she learns new skills. The most rapid period of growth & development is seen in early childhood called “ physica l growth spurt ”

13. Adolescence (12-18 yrs old) This stage is marked by puberty-11-14 yrs old. When a child undergoes a series of changes in the body. Changes in the “ secondary sex characteristics” . “ Menarche” for females . “ Who am I” Aggressive, risk takers, heightened emotionality .Sex and love are powerful passions in our lives. Peers become more influential at this stage Early Adulthood (19-29yrs old) A time for work and a time for love Finding our place in an adult society and committing to a more stable life. Middle Adulthood – (30-60 yrs ) - A time to discover what we are running from and to and why?

14. Late Adulthood (61yrs and above) Life is lived forward but understood backward. We trace the connection between the end and the beginning of life and try to figure out what this whole show is about before it is over.

15. Domains of Child Development A. Physical Domain – includes the growth of the body size and proportions, appearance, brain development, sensory capacities(5 senses), motor and physical health. The physical domain is about the measurable, visible changes in the body of a child from birth to old age. Motor Development – the increasing amount of control that a child has over his/her body. It includes the different levels of skills that an individual can master. It involves the gross motor skills (major movements of the body involving large muscles) and fine motor skills (movement of fingers and hands).

16. B. Cognitive Domain Changes and progression in the thought processes – thinking abilities of a person from infancy up to old age. Mental processes include learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, problem solving, creativity, imagination, academic knowledge and understanding of what’s happening around. C. Language Development - How a person’s language or communication skills develop from crying to laughing, to babbling then to talking. Also, involves one’s ability to comprehend, use, and manipulate language. Four aspects of Language : Phonology -forming sounds into words, Syntax – order and grammar, Semantics - meaning and Pragmatics- practical and personal use.

17. D. Psychosocial Domain Includes emotions, personality and social relationships Social - Child’s relationships with different kinds of people and his/her unique way of interacting with them. Emotional – refers to how a child’s emotions develop, how he/she understands and expresses his/her emotions( fear,anxiety,sorrow ) in socially acceptable ways or regulating one’s emotions and having confrontations without violence.